Spatial-Aware Reduction Framework: Towards Efficient and Faithful Visual State Space Models

Mamba demonstrates strong efficiency in modeling long visual sequences. However, when token reduction is applied to structurally enhanced Mamba variants, these models exhibit a severe performance collapse. We attribute this degradation to the spatially agnostic nature of existing reduction methods, which violate the two-dimensional structural premise required by the selective scanning mechanism. In this work, we propose STORM, a spatial-aware token reduction framework designed to maintain structural integrity throughout the compression process. STORM reformulates reduction into a structured operation on spatial units, enforcing localized constraints to maintain both grid topology and neighborhood coherence. As a plug-and-play module, STORM equips existing reduction pipelines with explicit spatial awareness without any training. Empirical results demonstrate that STORM achieves state-of-the-art pruning accuracy across diverse vision Mamba backbones under training-free settings. Notably, STORM delivers a substantial accuracy recovery on VMamba, outperforming prior methods by up to 63.3\% in top-1 accuracy. Meanwhile, STORM incurs only a 1.0\% accuracy drop on PlainMamba, achieving performance comparable to ViT.

R2RDreamer: 3D-aware Data Augmentation for Spatially-generalized 2D Manipulation Policies

Spatial generalization is critical for imitation-learned manipulation policies, but achieving it typically requires scaling demonstrations across diverse object poses, robot configurations, and camera viewpoints. Data augmentation from a few source demonstrations offers a practical alternative to costly real-world collection. Simulation-based augmentation can create controllable variation, but requires complex environment and object setup and may introduce a sim-to-real gap. Recent real-to-real methods avoid these issues by jointly editing 3D observations and action trajectories from real demonstrations, yet they still rely on strong 3D scene parsing and geometry completion, and often produce observations tailored to 3D pointcloud policies rather than RGB-based 2D policies. We propose R2RDreamer, a real-to-real demonstration augmentation framework that preserves the geometric consistency of 3D action-observation editing while moving visual completion to 2D video space. Specifically, R2RDreamer first performs lightweight 3D augmentation by editing incomplete object pointclouds and end-effector trajectories in a shared 3D frame; it then projects the edited scene into masked image-space control videos with occlusion-aware reasoning and uses a dense-control image-to-video model to complete temporally coherent RGB observations. Experiments on spatially shifted manipulation tasks with both 2D diffusion-style policies and vision-language-action policies show that R2RDreamer improves spatial generalization from limited source demonstrations, with analyses validating the contributions of 3D editing, occlusion-aware projection, and video completion.

ScoutVLA: UAV-Centric Active Perception via a Dual-Expert VLA Model for Open-World Embodied Question Answering

Aerial Embodied Question Answering (EQA) requires Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to actively perceive the environment and answer natural language questions. Existing outdoor EQA systems usually stop once the target enters the UAV's field of view, leaving the fine-grained viewpoint adjustment needed for evidence-seeking questions largely unresolved. To address this issue, we introduce FG-EQA, a fine-grained active perception EQA benchmark with more than 40K simulated trajectories and 1K real-world trajectories. Drawing inspiration from the ``waggle dance'' of scout bees, which iteratively adjust their flight paths to verify target information, we propose ScoutVLA, an evidence-driven Vision-Language-Action model for outdoor EQA. To emulate this active exploration behavior, ScoutVLA features a decoupled dual-expert architecture: a vision-language expert infers the semantic intent to identify missing evidence, while an independent action expert employs high-DoF flow matching to generate continuous viewpoint-refinement trajectories. To balance the competing demands of continuous control and semantic reasoning, we devise a decoupled training strategy with a knowledge insulation mechanism that prevents the action gradients from erasing the model's multimodal reasoning ability. Extensive simulated experiments and a qualitative real-world field study both verify the superiority of ScoutVLA over the state-of-the-art baselines, demonstrating a 10.48$\boldsymbol{\times}$ higher average strict success rate and a 7.72$\boldsymbol{\times}$ higher average QA correctness.

iMaC: Translating Actions into Motion and Contact Images for Embodied World Models

Embodied world models have emerged as a pivotal paradigm for visual robotic decision-making and interactive environment simulation. However, conventional embodied frameworks rely on low-dimensional structured action vectors (e.g., joint angles and end-effector poses), which suffer from limited expressive capacity, poor generalization across diverse embodiments, and unnatural dynamic modeling for complex physical interactions. To address these limitations, this paper proposesiMac (Image as Action Control), a novel unified control paradigm that treats raw visual images as native action representations for embodied world models. Departing from traditional explicit kinematic action encoding, iMac formulates continuous visual manipulation as image-based action tokens, which inherently encapsulate spatial motion intentions, interactive geometric constraints and subtle physical dynamics. We construct a dual-branch embodied architecture consisting of an image-action encoder and a dynamic world predictor: the encoder compresses target-driven visual images into compact action embeddings, while the predictor learns environment transition rules conditioned on image actions to achieve high-fidelity future state prediction and closed-loop embodied control. Extensive experiments are conducted on public embodied manipulation benchmarks and real-world robotic scenarios. The results demonstrate that iMac outperforms vector-based action control baselines in prediction accuracy, task success rate and cross-scene generalization ability. Moreover, our image-action design eliminates the reliance on manually defined action spaces, realizing flexible and universal control for heterogeneous embodied agents. This work provides an innovative visual-action perspective for embodied world models, offering a simple yet effective paradigm for scalable robotic perception and manipulation.

RhymeFlow: Training-Free Acceleration for Video Generation with Asynchronous Denoising Flow Scheduling

Video generation models based on Diffusion Transformers (DiTs) have achieved remarkable performance in video synthesis, yet they suffer from high inference latency and computational costs due to the quadratic complexity of 3D attention. Existing acceleration methods primarily reduce computational complexity within each individual denoising steps through techniques such as sparse attention and KV-caching. However, they rigidly adhere to the inherent constraint of the standard diffusion pipeline: every frame in the target video sequence must be subjected to a complete, dense denoising process across all diffusion timesteps. We observe that due to the corresponding contents and motions among adjacent frames, when keyframes with critical semantic transitions are anchored, the intermediate states of others often follow more predictable trajectories, which indicates that such uniform, dense denoising process is inherently redundant for natural video data. To this end, we introduce \textbf{RhymeFlow}, a training-free framework that decouples the denoising trajectories of different frames. Specifically, we first identify a sparse set of pivotal key frames that dominate the latent semantic evolution. Then, only these keyframes undergo dense, step-by-step denoising to ensure structural integrity, while non-keyframes progressively skip denoising steps to minimize computational cost. Since skipped intermediate states of non-keyframes break the temporal coherence in keyframe denoising steps, leading to visual degradation, we further introduce a latent trajectory projection module, which enables keyframes to interact with a complete and temporally consistent sequence representation. Extensive experiments on current DiT-based video generation models demonstrate our method outperforms existing baselines with higher inference speed and better visual quality.

WAM-Nav: Asymmetric Latent World-Action Modeling for Unified Visual Navigation

Visual navigation requires generating smooth and collision-free trajectories under complex geometric and physical constraints. Existing reactive policies that directly map observations to actions lack anticipatory reasoning, limiting their ability to proactively avoid obstacles. While visual imagination offers predictive foresight, conventional modular approaches separate scene prediction from policy learning, often leading to error accumulation and inefficient inference. To address these limitations, we propose WAM-Nav, a Latent World-Action Model for embodied visual navigation that jointly learns action generation and latent visual foresight, enabling more robust and foresighted navigation decisions without compromising inference efficiency. Specifically, WAM-Nav utilizes a shared Diffusion Transformer for asymmetric joint diffusion to concurrently generate long-horizon actions and short-horizon visual foresight, reducing the inference latency and visual error accumulation inherent in multi-step autoregressive rollouts. To further encourage smooth and consistent trajectory generation, we introduce a dual-stream contextual conditioning mechanism that integrates episode-level ego-motion history with sequential visual observations. Combined with a unified goal alignment module that preserves balanced representations across goal types, WAM-Nav naturally supports Image-Goal, Point-Goal, and No-Goal exploration within a single policy. Extensive experiments on the challenging ClutterScenes and InternScenes benchmarks demonstrate strong generalization of WAM-Nav, particularly on Image-Goal and Point-Goal navigation, where it improves success rates by 15.7% and 3.3%, respectively. Real-world deployment further validates effective zero-shot sim-to-real transfer, achieving an average 85% task success rate across diverse indoor and outdoor environments.

SKIP: Sparse Keyframe Interpolation Paradigm for Efficient Embodied World Models

Embodied world models have emerged as a promising paradigm in robotics by predicting how robot actions affect the surrounding scene. However, the rollout inference remains computationally expensive in pixel space, as long-horizon manipulation videos typically have to be generated frame by frame. This cost cannot be easily reduced by indiscriminately dropping frames, since downstream policies rely on complete preservation of sparse task-relevant events such as approach, contact, grasp, and release. To address this challenge, we propose Sparse Keyframe Interpolation Paradigm (SKIP), an event-preserving sparse-to-dense framework that avoids dense frame-by-frame generation. SKIP first identifies task-relevant keyframes by leveraging robot-aware multimodal features. It then synthesizes only these keyframes with a sparse video diffusion model. A learned gap predictor and an action-conditioned interpolator subsequently reconstruct the missing intervals according to the robot actions. On LIBERO, SKIP generates dense rollouts $4.16\times$ faster than a dense baseline while improving visual fidelity and reducing aggregate FVD by $89.0\%$. Importantly, SKIP-generated videos are effective policy-training data. Even when they fully replace real demonstrations, $π_{0.5}$ success drops only $1.3$ pp in LIBERO simulation and $6.7$ pp on the real robot, whereas fully dense frame-by-frame generation collapses by $48$ to $58$ pp.

SAFE-Pruner: Semantic Attention-Guided Future-Aware Token Pruning for Efficient Vision-Language-Action Manipulation

Real-time inference of vision-language-action (VLA) models is essential for robotic control. While visual token pruning has shown strong potential for accelerating inference, most existing methods mainly base pruning decisions on shallow-layer cues and risk discarding visual information required by deep layers. To address this issue, we propose SAFE-Pruner, a plug-and-play pruning framework that incorporates attention cues of future layers into pruning decisions. Specifically, we identify semantic attention consistency, the tendency that VLA models concentrate their attention probability mass on the same semantic entity across execution steps. Based on this observation, we design a forward-looking strategy to forecast the token saliency in deep layers, which prevents the premature removal of critical tokens and leads to more stable acceleration. We further introduce an adaptive subtask division strategy to detect abrupt attention shifts, thereby improving forecasting accuracy and pruning reliability. Extensive experiments in simulation and real-world settings demonstrate that our method achieves up to 1.89x speedup with a minimal degradation in success rate of less than 1.7%, while outperforming state-of-the-art methods by up to 1.9%.

StableIDM: Stabilizing Inverse Dynamics Model against Manipulator Truncation via Spatio-Temporal Refinement

Inverse Dynamics Models (IDMs) map visual observations to low-level action commands, serving as central components for data labeling and policy execution in embodied AI. However, their performance degrades severely under manipulator truncation, a common failure mode that makes state recovery ill-posed and leads to unstable control. We present StableIDM, a spatio-temporal framework that refines features from visual inputs to stabilize action predictions under such partial observability. StableIDM integrates three complementary components: (1) auxiliary robot-centric masking to suppress background clutter, (2) Directional Feature Aggregation (DFA) for geometry-aware spatial reasoning, which extracts anisotropic features along directions inferred from the visible arm and (3) Temporal Dynamics Refinement (TDR) to smooth and correct predictions via motion continuity. Extensive evaluations validate our approach: StableIDM improves strict action accuracy by 12.1% under severe truncation on the AgiBot benchmark, and increases average task success by 9.7% in real-robot replay. Moreover, it boosts end-to-end grasp success by 11.5% when decoding video-generated plans, and improves downstream VLA real-robot success by 17.6% when functioning as an automatic annotator. These results demonstrate that StableIDM provides a robust and scalable backbone for both policy execution and data generation in embodied artificial intelligence.

ReplicateAnyScene: Zero-Shot Video-to-3D Composition via Textual-Visual-Spatial Alignment

Humans exhibit an innate capacity to rapidly perceive and segment objects from video observations, and even mentally assemble them into structured 3D scenes. Replicating such capability, termed compositional 3D reconstruction, is pivotal for the advancement of Spatial Intelligence and Embodied AI. However, existing methods struggle to achieve practical deployment due to the insufficient integration of cross-modal information, leaving them dependent on manual object prompting, reliant on auxiliary visual inputs, and restricted to overly simplistic scenes by training biases. To address these limitations, we propose ReplicateAnyScene, a framework capable of fully automated and zero-shot transformation of casually captured videos into compositional 3D scenes. Specifically, our pipeline incorporates a five-stage cascade to extract and structurally align generic priors from vision foundation models across textual, visual, and spatial dimensions, grounding them into structured 3D representations and ensuring semantic coherence and physical plausibility of the constructed scenes. To facilitate a more comprehensive evaluation of this task, we further introduce the C3DR benchmark to assess reconstruction quality from diverse aspects. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of our method over existing baselines in generating high-quality compositional 3D scenes.