Awesome-OL: An Extensible Toolkit for Online Learning

In recent years, online learning has attracted increasing attention due to its adaptive capability to process streaming and non-stationary data. To facilitate algorithm development and practical deployment in this area, we introduce Awesome-OL, an extensible Python toolkit tailored for online learning research. Awesome-OL integrates state-of-the-art algorithm, which provides a unified framework for reproducible comparisons, curated benchmark datasets, and multi-modal visualization. Built upon the scikit-multiflow open-source infrastructure, Awesome-OL emphasizes user-friendly interactions without compromising research flexibility or extensibility. The source code is publicly available at: https://github.com/liuzy0708/Awesome-OL.

SURPRISE3D: A Dataset for Spatial Understanding and Reasoning in Complex 3D Scenes

The integration of language and 3D perception is critical for embodied AI and robotic systems to perceive, understand, and interact with the physical world. Spatial reasoning, a key capability for understanding spatial relationships between objects, remains underexplored in current 3D vision-language research. Existing datasets often mix semantic cues (e.g., object name) with spatial context, leading models to rely on superficial shortcuts rather than genuinely interpreting spatial relationships. To address this gap, we introduce S\textsc{urprise}3D, a novel dataset designed to evaluate language-guided spatial reasoning segmentation in complex 3D scenes. S\textsc{urprise}3D consists of more than 200k vision language pairs across 900+ detailed indoor scenes from ScanNet++ v2, including more than 2.8k unique object classes. The dataset contains 89k+ human-annotated spatial queries deliberately crafted without object name, thereby mitigating shortcut biases in spatial understanding. These queries comprehensively cover various spatial reasoning skills, such as relative position, narrative perspective, parametric perspective, and absolute distance reasoning. Initial benchmarks demonstrate significant challenges for current state-of-the-art expert 3D visual grounding methods and 3D-LLMs, underscoring the necessity of our dataset and the accompanying 3D Spatial Reasoning Segmentation (3D-SRS) benchmark suite. S\textsc{urprise}3D and 3D-SRS aim to facilitate advancements in spatially aware AI, paving the way for effective embodied interaction and robotic planning. The code and datasets can be found in https://github.com/liziwennba/SUPRISE.

Lite-RVFL: A Lightweight Random Vector Functional-Link Neural Network for Learning Under Concept Drift

The change in data distribution over time, also known as concept drift, poses a significant challenge to the reliability of online learning methods. Existing methods typically require model retraining or drift detection, both of which demand high computational costs and are often unsuitable for real-time applications. To address these limitations, a lightweight, fast and efficient random vector functional-link network termed Lite-RVFL is proposed, capable of adapting to concept drift without drift detection and retraining. Lite-RVFL introduces a novel objective function that assigns weights exponentially increasing to new samples, thereby emphasizing recent data and enabling timely adaptation. Theoretical analysis confirms the feasibility of this objective function for drift adaptation, and an efficient incremental update rule is derived. Experimental results on a real-world safety assessment task validate the efficiency, effectiveness in adapting to drift, and potential to capture temporal patterns of Lite-RVFL. The source code is available at https://github.com/songqiaohu/Lite-RVFL.

EarthSynth: Generating Informative Earth Observation with Diffusion Models

Remote sensing image (RSI) interpretation typically faces challenges due to the scarcity of labeled data, which limits the performance of RSI interpretation tasks. To tackle this challenge, we propose EarthSynth, a diffusion-based generative foundation model that enables synthesizing multi-category, cross-satellite labeled Earth observation for downstream RSI interpretation tasks. To the best of our knowledge, EarthSynth is the first to explore multi-task generation for remote sensing. EarthSynth, trained on the EarthSynth-180K dataset, employs the Counterfactual Composition training strategy to improve training data diversity and enhance category control. Furthermore, a rule-based method of R-Filter is proposed to filter more informative synthetic data for downstream tasks. We evaluate our EarthSynth on scene classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation in open-world scenarios, offering a practical solution for advancing RSI interpretation.

Diffusion-driven SpatioTemporal Graph KANsformer for Medical Examination Recommendation

Recommendation systems in AI-based medical diagnostics and treatment constitute a critical component of AI in healthcare. Although some studies have explored this area and made notable progress, healthcare recommendation systems remain in their nascent stage. And these researches mainly target the treatment process such as drug or disease recommendations. In addition to the treatment process, the diagnostic process, particularly determining which medical examinations are necessary to evaluate the condition, also urgently requires intelligent decision support. To bridge this gap, we first formalize the task of medical examination recommendations. Compared to traditional recommendations, the medical examination recommendation involves more complex interactions. This complexity arises from two folds: 1) The historical medical records for examination recommendations are heterogeneous and redundant, which makes the recommendation results susceptible to noise. 2) The correlation between the medical history of patients is often irregular, making it challenging to model spatiotemporal dependencies. Motivated by the above observation, we propose a novel Diffusion-driven SpatioTemporal Graph KANsformer for Medical Examination Recommendation (DST-GKAN) with a two-stage learning paradigm to solve the above challenges. In the first stage, we exploit a task-adaptive diffusion model to distill recommendation-oriented information by reducing the noises in heterogeneous medical data. In the second stage, a spatiotemporal graph KANsformer is proposed to simultaneously model the complex spatial and temporal relationships. Moreover, to facilitate the medical examination recommendation research, we introduce a comprehensive dataset. The experimental results demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of the proposed method compared to various competitive baselines.

NTIRE 2025 Challenge on Cross-Domain Few-Shot Object Detection: Methods and Results

Cross-Domain Few-Shot Object Detection (CD-FSOD) poses significant challenges to existing object detection and few-shot detection models when applied across domains. In conjunction with NTIRE 2025, we organized the 1st CD-FSOD Challenge, aiming to advance the performance of current object detectors on entirely novel target domains with only limited labeled data. The challenge attracted 152 registered participants, received submissions from 42 teams, and concluded with 13 teams making valid final submissions. Participants approached the task from diverse perspectives, proposing novel models that achieved new state-of-the-art (SOTA) results under both open-source and closed-source settings. In this report, we present an overview of the 1st NTIRE 2025 CD-FSOD Challenge, highlighting the proposed solutions and summarizing the results submitted by the participants.

Enhance Then Search: An Augmentation-Search Strategy with Foundation Models for Cross-Domain Few-Shot Object Detection

Foundation models pretrained on extensive datasets, such as GroundingDINO and LAE-DINO, have performed remarkably in the cross-domain few-shot object detection (CD-FSOD) task. Through rigorous few-shot training, we found that the integration of image-based data augmentation techniques and grid-based sub-domain search strategy significantly enhances the performance of these foundation models. Building upon GroundingDINO, we employed several widely used image augmentation methods and established optimization objectives to effectively navigate the expansive domain space in search of optimal sub-domains. This approach facilitates efficient few-shot object detection and introduces an approach to solving the CD-FSOD problem by efficiently searching for the optimal parameter configuration from the foundation model. Our findings substantially advance the practical deployment of vision-language models in data-scarce environments, offering critical insights into optimizing their cross-domain generalization capabilities without labor-intensive retraining. Code is available at https://github.com/jaychempan/ETS.

PLM4NDV: Minimizing Data Access for Number of Distinct Values Estimation with Pre-trained Language Models

Number of Distinct Values (NDV) estimation of a multiset/column is a basis for many data management tasks, especially within databases. Despite decades of research, most existing methods require either a significant amount of samples through uniform random sampling or access to the entire column to produce estimates, leading to substantial data access costs and potentially ineffective estimations in scenarios with limited data access. In this paper, we propose leveraging semantic information, i.e., schema, to address these challenges. The schema contains rich semantic information that can benefit the NDV estimation. To this end, we propose PLM4NDV, a learned method incorporating Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) to extract semantic schema information for NDV estimation. Specifically, PLM4NDV leverages the semantics of the target column and the corresponding table to gain a comprehensive understanding of the column's meaning. By using the semantics, PLM4NDV reduces data access costs, provides accurate NDV estimation, and can even operate effectively without any data access. Extensive experiments on a large-scale real-world dataset demonstrate the superiority of PLM4NDV over baseline methods. Our code is available at https://github.com/bytedance/plm4ndv.

CoIn-SafeLink: Safety-critical Control With Cost-sensitive Incremental Random Vector Functional Link Network

Control barrier functions (CBFs) play a crucial role in achieving the safety-critical control of robotic systems theoretically. However, most existing methods rely on the analytical expressions of unsafe state regions, which is often impractical for irregular and dynamic unsafe regions. In this paper, a novel CBF construction approach, called CoIn-SafeLink, is proposed based on cost-sensitive incremental random vector functional-link (RVFL) neural networks. By designing an appropriate cost function, CoIn-SafeLink achieves differentiated sensitivities to safe and unsafe samples, effectively achieving zero false-negative risk in unsafe sample classification. Additionally, an incremental update theorem for CoIn-SafeLink is proposed, enabling precise adjustments in response to changes in the unsafe region. Finally, the gradient analytical expression of the CoIn-SafeLink is provided to calculate the control input. The proposed method is validated on a 3-degree-of-freedom drone attitude control system. Experimental results demonstrate that the method can effectively learn the unsafe region boundaries and rapidly adapt as these regions evolve, with an update speed approximately five times faster than comparison methods. The source code is available at https://github.com/songqiaohu/CoIn-SafeLink.

Performance-bounded Online Ensemble Learning Method Based on Multi-armed bandits and Its Applications in Real-time Safety Assessment

Ensemble learning plays a crucial role in practical applications of online learning due to its enhanced classification performance and adaptable adjustment mechanisms. However, most weight allocation strategies in ensemble learning are heuristic, making it challenging to theoretically guarantee that the ensemble classifier outperforms its base classifiers. To address this issue, a performance-bounded online ensemble learning method based on multi-armed bandits, named PB-OEL, is proposed in this paper. Specifically, multi-armed bandit with expert advice is incorporated into online ensemble learning, aiming to update the weights of base classifiers and make predictions. A theoretical framework is established to bound the performance of the ensemble classifier relative to base classifiers. By setting expert advice of bandits, the bound exceeds the performance of any base classifier when the length of data stream is sufficiently large. Additionally, performance bounds for scenarios with limited annotations are also derived. Numerous experiments on benchmark datasets and a dataset of real-time safety assessment tasks are conducted. The experimental results validate the theoretical bound to a certain extent and demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods.