Any-Size-Diffusion: Toward Efficient Text-Driven Synthesis for Any-Size HD Images

Stable diffusion, a generative model used in text-to-image synthesis, frequently encounters resolution-induced composition problems when generating images of varying sizes. This issue primarily stems from the model being trained on pairs of single-scale images and their corresponding text descriptions. Moreover, direct training on images of unlimited sizes is unfeasible, as it would require an immense number of text-image pairs and entail substantial computational expenses. To overcome these challenges, we propose a two-stage pipeline named Any-Size-Diffusion (ASD), designed to efficiently generate well-composed images of any size, while minimizing the need for high-memory GPU resources. Specifically, the initial stage, dubbed Any Ratio Adaptability Diffusion (ARAD), leverages a selected set of images with a restricted range of ratios to optimize the text-conditional diffusion model, thereby improving its ability to adjust composition to accommodate diverse image sizes. To support the creation of images at any desired size, we further introduce a technique called Fast Seamless Tiled Diffusion (FSTD) at the subsequent stage. This method allows for the rapid enlargement of the ASD output to any high-resolution size, avoiding seaming artifacts or memory overloads. Experimental results on the LAION-COCO and MM-CelebA-HQ benchmarks demonstrate that ASD can produce well-structured images of arbitrary sizes, cutting down the inference time by 2x compared to the traditional tiled algorithm.

EurNet: Efficient Multi-Range Relational Modeling of Spatial Multi-Relational Data

Modeling spatial relationship in the data remains critical across many different tasks, such as image classification, semantic segmentation and protein structure understanding. Previous works often use a unified solution like relative positional encoding. However, there exists different kinds of spatial relations, including short-range, medium-range and long-range relations, and modeling them separately can better capture the focus of different tasks on the multi-range relations (e.g., short-range relations can be important in instance segmentation, while long-range relations should be upweighted for semantic segmentation). In this work, we introduce the EurNet for Efficient multi-range relational modeling. EurNet constructs the multi-relational graph, where each type of edge corresponds to short-, medium- or long-range spatial interactions. In the constructed graph, EurNet adopts a novel modeling layer, called gated relational message passing (GRMP), to propagate multi-relational information across the data. GRMP captures multiple relations within the data with little extra computational cost. We study EurNets in two important domains for image and protein structure modeling. Extensive experiments on ImageNet classification, COCO object detection and ADE20K semantic segmentation verify the gains of EurNet over the previous SoTA FocalNet. On the EC and GO protein function prediction benchmarks, EurNet consistently surpasses the previous SoTA GearNet. Our results demonstrate the strength of EurNets on modeling spatial multi-relational data from various domains. The implementations of EurNet for image modeling are available at https://github.com/hirl-team/EurNet-Image . The implementations for other applied domains/tasks will be released soon.

HIRL: A General Framework for Hierarchical Image Representation Learning

Learning self-supervised image representations has been broadly studied to boost various visual understanding tasks. Existing methods typically learn a single level of image semantics like pairwise semantic similarity or image clustering patterns. However, these methods can hardly capture multiple levels of semantic information that naturally exists in an image dataset, e.g., the semantic hierarchy of "Persian cat to cat to mammal" encoded in an image database for species. It is thus unknown whether an arbitrary image self-supervised learning (SSL) approach can benefit from learning such hierarchical semantics. To answer this question, we propose a general framework for Hierarchical Image Representation Learning (HIRL). This framework aims to learn multiple semantic representations for each image, and these representations are structured to encode image semantics from fine-grained to coarse-grained. Based on a probabilistic factorization, HIRL learns the most fine-grained semantics by an off-the-shelf image SSL approach and learns multiple coarse-grained semantics by a novel semantic path discrimination scheme. We adopt six representative image SSL methods as baselines and study how they perform under HIRL. By rigorous fair comparison, performance gain is observed on all the six methods for diverse downstream tasks, which, for the first time, verifies the general effectiveness of learning hierarchical image semantics. All source code and model weights are available at https://github.com/hirl-team/HIRL

Enhancing Non-mass Breast Ultrasound Cancer Classification With Knowledge Transfer

Much progress has been made in the deep neural network (DNN) based diagnosis of mass lesions breast ultrasound (BUS) images. However, the non-mass lesion is less investigated because of the limited data. Based on the insight that mass data is sufficient and shares the same knowledge structure with non-mass data of identifying the malignancy of a lesion based on the ultrasound image, we propose a novel transfer learning framework to enhance the generalizability of the DNN model for non-mass BUS with the help of mass BUS. Specifically, we train a shared DNN with combined non-mass and mass data. With the prior of different marginal distributions in input and output space, we employ two domain alignment strategies in the proposed transfer learning framework with the insight of capturing domain-specific distribution to address the issue of domain shift. Moreover, we propose a cross-domain semantic-preserve data generation module called CrossMix to recover the missing distribution between non-mass and mass data that is not presented in training data. Experimental results on an in-house dataset demonstrate that the DNN model trained with combined data by our framework achieves a 10% improvement in AUC on the malignancy prediction task of non-mass BUS compared to training directly on non-mass data.

Self Supervised Lesion Recognition For Breast Ultrasound Diagnosis

Previous deep learning based Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system treats multiple views of the same lesion as independent images. Since an ultrasound image only describes a partial 2D projection of a 3D lesion, such paradigm ignores the semantic relationship between different views of a lesion, which is inconsistent with the traditional diagnosis where sonographers analyze a lesion from at least two views. In this paper, we propose a multi-task framework that complements Benign/Malignant classification task with lesion recognition (LR) which helps leveraging relationship among multiple views of a single lesion to learn a complete representation of the lesion. To be specific, LR task employs contrastive learning to encourage representation that pulls multiple views of the same lesion and repels those of different lesions. The task therefore facilitates a representation that is not only invariant to the view change of the lesion, but also capturing fine-grained features to distinguish between different lesions. Experiments show that the proposed multi-task framework boosts the performance of Benign/Malignant classification as two sub-tasks complement each other and enhance the learned representation of ultrasound images.

HCSC: Hierarchical Contrastive Selective Coding

Hierarchical semantic structures naturally exist in an image dataset, in which several semantically relevant image clusters can be further integrated into a larger cluster with coarser-grained semantics. Capturing such structures with image representations can greatly benefit the semantic understanding on various downstream tasks. Existing contrastive representation learning methods lack such an important model capability. In addition, the negative pairs used in these methods are not guaranteed to be semantically distinct, which could further hamper the structural correctness of learned image representations. To tackle these limitations, we propose a novel contrastive learning framework called Hierarchical Contrastive Selective Coding (HCSC). In this framework, a set of hierarchical prototypes are constructed and also dynamically updated to represent the hierarchical semantic structures underlying the data in the latent space. To make image representations better fit such semantic structures, we employ and further improve conventional instance-wise and prototypical contrastive learning via an elaborate pair selection scheme. This scheme seeks to select more diverse positive pairs with similar semantics and more precise negative pairs with truly distinct semantics. On extensive downstream tasks, we verify the superior performance of HCSC over state-of-the-art contrastive methods, and the effectiveness of major model components is proved by plentiful analytical studies. Our source code and model weights are available at https://github.com/gyfastas/HCSC

Decoupled Gradient Harmonized Detector for Partial Annotation: Application to Signet Ring Cell Detection

Early diagnosis of signet ring cell carcinoma dramatically improves the survival rate of patients. Due to lack of public dataset and expert-level annotations, automatic detection on signet ring cell (SRC) has not been thoroughly investigated. In MICCAI DigestPath2019 challenge, apart from foreground (SRC region)-background (normal tissue area) class imbalance, SRCs are partially annotated due to costly medical image annotation, which introduces extra label noise. To address the issues simultaneously, we propose Decoupled Gradient Harmonizing Mechanism (DGHM) and embed it into classification loss, denoted as DGHM-C loss. Specifically, besides positive (SRCs) and negative (normal tissues) examples, we further decouple noisy examples from clean examples and harmonize the corresponding gradient distributions in classification respectively. Without whistles and bells, we achieved the 2nd place in the challenge. Ablation studies and controlled label missing rate experiments demonstrate that DGHM-C loss can bring substantial improvement in partially annotated object detection.