Vision-RWKV: Efficient and Scalable Visual Perception with RWKV-Like Architectures

Transformers have revolutionized computer vision and natural language processing, but their high computational complexity limits their application in high-resolution image processing and long-context analysis. This paper introduces Vision-RWKV (VRWKV), a model adapted from the RWKV model used in the NLP field with necessary modifications for vision tasks. Similar to the Vision Transformer (ViT), our model is designed to efficiently handle sparse inputs and demonstrate robust global processing capabilities, while also scaling up effectively, accommodating both large-scale parameters and extensive datasets. Its distinctive advantage lies in its reduced spatial aggregation complexity, which renders it exceptionally adept at processing high-resolution images seamlessly, eliminating the necessity for windowing operations. Our evaluations demonstrate that VRWKV surpasses ViT's performance in image classification and has significantly faster speeds and lower memory usage processing high-resolution inputs. In dense prediction tasks, it outperforms window-based models, maintaining comparable speeds. These results highlight VRWKV's potential as a more efficient alternative for visual perception tasks. Code is released at \url{https://github.com/OpenGVLab/Vision-RWKV}.

Denoising Diffusion Semantic Segmentation with Mask Prior Modeling

The evolution of semantic segmentation has long been dominated by learning more discriminative image representations for classifying each pixel. Despite the prominent advancements, the priors of segmentation masks themselves, e.g., geometric and semantic constraints, are still under-explored. In this paper, we propose to ameliorate the semantic segmentation quality of existing discriminative approaches with a mask prior modeled by a recently-developed denoising diffusion generative model. Beginning with a unified architecture that adapts diffusion models for mask prior modeling, we focus this work on a specific instantiation with discrete diffusion and identify a variety of key design choices for its successful application. Our exploratory analysis revealed several important findings, including: (1) a simple integration of diffusion models into semantic segmentation is not sufficient, and a poorly-designed diffusion process might lead to degradation in segmentation performance; (2) during the training, the object to which noise is added is more important than the type of noise; (3) during the inference, the strict diffusion denoising scheme may not be essential and can be relaxed to a simpler scheme that even works better. We evaluate the proposed prior modeling with several off-the-shelf segmentors, and our experimental results on ADE20K and Cityscapes demonstrate that our approach could achieve competitively quantitative performance and more appealing visual quality.

Vision Transformer Adapter for Dense Predictions

This work investigates a simple yet powerful adapter for Vision Transformer (ViT). Unlike recent visual transformers that introduce vision-specific inductive biases into their architectures, ViT achieves inferior performance on dense prediction tasks due to lacking prior information of images. To solve this issue, we propose a Vision Transformer Adapter (ViT-Adapter), which can remedy the defects of ViT and achieve comparable performance to vision-specific models by introducing inductive biases via an additional architecture. Specifically, the backbone in our framework is a vanilla transformer that can be pre-trained with multi-modal data. When fine-tuning on downstream tasks, a modality-specific adapter is used to introduce the data and tasks' prior information into the model, making it suitable for these tasks. We verify the effectiveness of our ViT-Adapter on multiple downstream tasks, including object detection, instance segmentation, and semantic segmentation. Notably, when using HTC++, our ViT-Adapter-L yields 60.1 box AP and 52.1 mask AP on COCO test-dev, surpassing Swin-L by 1.4 box AP and 1.0 mask AP. For semantic segmentation, our ViT-Adapter-L establishes a new state-of-the-art of 60.5 mIoU on ADE20K val, 0.6 points higher than SwinV2-G. We hope that the proposed ViT-Adapter could serve as an alternative for vision-specific transformers and facilitate future research. The code and models will be released at https://github.com/czczup/ViT-Adapter.