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Xiaoyan Cai

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ChatRadio-Valuer: A Chat Large Language Model for Generalizable Radiology Report Generation Based on Multi-institution and Multi-system Data

Oct 10, 2023
Tianyang Zhong, Wei Zhao, Yutong Zhang, Yi Pan, Peixin Dong, Zuowei Jiang, Xiaoyan Kui, Youlan Shang, Li Yang, Yaonai Wei, Longtao Yang, Hao Chen, Huan Zhao, Yuxiao Liu, Ning Zhu, Yiwei Li, Yisong Wang, Jiaqi Yao, Jiaqi Wang, Ying Zeng, Lei He, Chao Zheng, Zhixue Zhang, Ming Li, Zhengliang Liu, Haixing Dai, Zihao Wu, Lu Zhang, Shu Zhang, Xiaoyan Cai, Xintao Hu, Shijie Zhao, Xi Jiang, Xin Zhang, Xiang Li, Dajiang Zhu, Lei Guo, Dinggang Shen, Junwei Han, Tianming Liu, Jun Liu, Tuo Zhang

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Radiology report generation, as a key step in medical image analysis, is critical to the quantitative analysis of clinically informed decision-making levels. However, complex and diverse radiology reports with cross-source heterogeneity pose a huge generalizability challenge to the current methods under massive data volume, mainly because the style and normativity of radiology reports are obviously distinctive among institutions, body regions inspected and radiologists. Recently, the advent of large language models (LLM) offers great potential for recognizing signs of health conditions. To resolve the above problem, we collaborate with the Second Xiangya Hospital in China and propose ChatRadio-Valuer based on the LLM, a tailored model for automatic radiology report generation that learns generalizable representations and provides a basis pattern for model adaptation in sophisticated analysts' cases. Specifically, ChatRadio-Valuer is trained based on the radiology reports from a single institution by means of supervised fine-tuning, and then adapted to disease diagnosis tasks for human multi-system evaluation (i.e., chest, abdomen, muscle-skeleton, head, and maxillofacial $\&$ neck) from six different institutions in clinical-level events. The clinical dataset utilized in this study encompasses a remarkable total of \textbf{332,673} observations. From the comprehensive results on engineering indicators, clinical efficacy and deployment cost metrics, it can be shown that ChatRadio-Valuer consistently outperforms state-of-the-art models, especially ChatGPT (GPT-3.5-Turbo) and GPT-4 et al., in terms of the diseases diagnosis from radiology reports. ChatRadio-Valuer provides an effective avenue to boost model generalization performance and alleviate the annotation workload of experts to enable the promotion of clinical AI applications in radiology reports.

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Evaluating Large Language Models for Radiology Natural Language Processing

Jul 27, 2023
Zhengliang Liu, Tianyang Zhong, Yiwei Li, Yutong Zhang, Yi Pan, Zihao Zhao, Peixin Dong, Chao Cao, Yuxiao Liu, Peng Shu, Yaonai Wei, Zihao Wu, Chong Ma, Jiaqi Wang, Sheng Wang, Mengyue Zhou, Zuowei Jiang, Chunlin Li, Jason Holmes, Shaochen Xu, Lu Zhang, Haixing Dai, Kai Zhang, Lin Zhao, Yuanhao Chen, Xu Liu, Peilong Wang, Pingkun Yan, Jun Liu, Bao Ge, Lichao Sun, Dajiang Zhu, Xiang Li, Wei Liu, Xiaoyan Cai, Xintao Hu, Xi Jiang, Shu Zhang, Xin Zhang, Tuo Zhang, Shijie Zhao, Quanzheng Li, Hongtu Zhu, Dinggang Shen, Tianming Liu

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The rise of large language models (LLMs) has marked a pivotal shift in the field of natural language processing (NLP). LLMs have revolutionized a multitude of domains, and they have made a significant impact in the medical field. Large language models are now more abundant than ever, and many of these models exhibit bilingual capabilities, proficient in both English and Chinese. However, a comprehensive evaluation of these models remains to be conducted. This lack of assessment is especially apparent within the context of radiology NLP. This study seeks to bridge this gap by critically evaluating thirty two LLMs in interpreting radiology reports, a crucial component of radiology NLP. Specifically, the ability to derive impressions from radiologic findings is assessed. The outcomes of this evaluation provide key insights into the performance, strengths, and weaknesses of these LLMs, informing their practical applications within the medical domain.

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ImpressionGPT: An Iterative Optimizing Framework for Radiology Report Summarization with ChatGPT

May 03, 2023
Chong Ma, Zihao Wu, Jiaqi Wang, Shaochen Xu, Yaonai Wei, Zhengliang Liu, Xi Jiang, Lei Guo, Xiaoyan Cai, Shu Zhang, Tuo Zhang, Dajiang Zhu, Dinggang Shen, Tianming Liu, Xiang Li

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The 'Impression' section of a radiology report is a critical basis for communication between radiologists and other physicians, and it is typically written by radiologists based on the 'Findings' section. However, writing numerous impressions can be laborious and error-prone for radiologists. Although recent studies have achieved promising results in automatic impression generation using large-scale medical text data for pre-training and fine-tuning pre-trained language models, such models often require substantial amounts of medical text data and have poor generalization performance. While large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT have shown strong generalization capabilities and performance, their performance in specific domains, such as radiology, remains under-investigated and potentially limited. To address this limitation, we propose ImpressionGPT, which leverages the in-context learning capability of LLMs by constructing dynamic contexts using domain-specific, individualized data. This dynamic prompt approach enables the model to learn contextual knowledge from semantically similar examples from existing data. Additionally, we design an iterative optimization algorithm that performs automatic evaluation on the generated impression results and composes the corresponding instruction prompts to further optimize the model. The proposed ImpressionGPT model achieves state-of-the-art performance on both MIMIC-CXR and OpenI datasets without requiring additional training data or fine-tuning the LLMs. This work presents a paradigm for localizing LLMs that can be applied in a wide range of similar application scenarios, bridging the gap between general-purpose LLMs and the specific language processing needs of various domains.

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A Skeleton-Based Model for Promoting Coherence Among Sentences in Narrative Story Generation

Aug 27, 2018
Jingjing Xu, Xuancheng Ren, Yi Zhang, Qi Zeng, Xiaoyan Cai, Xu Sun

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Narrative story generation is a challenging problem because it demands the generated sentences with tight semantic connections, which has not been well studied by most existing generative models. To address this problem, we propose a skeleton-based model to promote the coherence of generated stories. Different from traditional models that generate a complete sentence at a stroke, the proposed model first generates the most critical phrases, called skeleton, and then expands the skeleton to a complete and fluent sentence. The skeleton is not manually defined, but learned by a reinforcement learning method. Compared to the state-of-the-art models, our skeleton-based model can generate significantly more coherent text according to human evaluation and automatic evaluation. The G-score is improved by 20.1% in the human evaluation. The code is available at https://github.com/lancopku/Skeleton-Based-Generation-Model

* Accepted by EMNLP 2018 
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Regularizing Output Distribution of Abstractive Chinese Social Media Text Summarization for Improved Semantic Consistency

May 10, 2018
Bingzhen Wei, Xuancheng Ren, Xu Sun, Yi Zhang, Xiaoyan Cai, Qi Su

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Abstractive text summarization is a highly difficult problem, and the sequence-to-sequence model has shown success in improving the performance on the task. However, the generated summaries are often inconsistent with the source content in semantics. In such cases, when generating summaries, the model selects semantically unrelated words with respect to the source content as the most probable output. The problem can be attributed to heuristically constructed training data, where summaries can be unrelated to the source content, thus containing semantically unrelated words and spurious word correspondence. In this paper, we propose a regularization approach for the sequence-to-sequence model and make use of what the model has learned to regularize the learning objective to alleviate the effect of the problem. In addition, we propose a practical human evaluation method to address the problem that the existing automatic evaluation method does not evaluate the semantic consistency with the source content properly. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, which outperforms almost all the existing models. Especially, the proposed approach improves the semantic consistency by 4\% in terms of human evaluation.

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Deep Stacking Networks for Low-Resource Chinese Word Segmentation with Transfer Learning

Nov 04, 2017
Jingjing Xu, Xu Sun, Sujian Li, Xiaoyan Cai, Bingzhen Wei

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In recent years, neural networks have proven to be effective in Chinese word segmentation. However, this promising performance relies on large-scale training data. Neural networks with conventional architectures cannot achieve the desired results in low-resource datasets due to the lack of labelled training data. In this paper, we propose a deep stacking framework to improve the performance on word segmentation tasks with insufficient data by integrating datasets from diverse domains. Our framework consists of two parts, domain-based models and deep stacking networks. The domain-based models are used to learn knowledge from different datasets. The deep stacking networks are designed to integrate domain-based models. To reduce model conflicts, we innovatively add communication paths among models and design various structures of deep stacking networks, including Gaussian-based Stacking Networks, Concatenate-based Stacking Networks, Sequence-based Stacking Networks and Tree-based Stacking Networks. We conduct experiments on six low-resource datasets from various domains. Our proposed framework shows significant performance improvements on all datasets compared with several strong baselines.

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