AgentThink: A Unified Framework for Tool-Augmented Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Vision-Language Models for Autonomous Driving

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) show promise for autonomous driving, yet their struggle with hallucinations, inefficient reasoning, and limited real-world validation hinders accurate perception and robust step-by-step reasoning. To overcome this, we introduce \textbf{AgentThink}, a pioneering unified framework that, for the first time, integrates Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning with dynamic, agent-style tool invocation for autonomous driving tasks. AgentThink's core innovations include: \textbf{(i) Structured Data Generation}, by establishing an autonomous driving tool library to automatically construct structured, self-verified reasoning data explicitly incorporating tool usage for diverse driving scenarios; \textbf{(ii) A Two-stage Training Pipeline}, employing Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) with Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) to equip VLMs with the capability for autonomous tool invocation; and \textbf{(iii) Agent-style Tool-Usage Evaluation}, introducing a novel multi-tool assessment protocol to rigorously evaluate the model's tool invocation and utilization. Experiments on the DriveLMM-o1 benchmark demonstrate AgentThink significantly boosts overall reasoning scores by \textbf{53.91\%} and enhances answer accuracy by \textbf{33.54\%}, while markedly improving reasoning quality and consistency. Furthermore, ablation studies and robust zero-shot/few-shot generalization experiments across various benchmarks underscore its powerful capabilities. These findings highlight a promising trajectory for developing trustworthy and tool-aware autonomous driving models.

Power Allocation for Delay Optimization in Device-to-Device Networks: A Graph Reinforcement Learning Approach

The pursuit of rate maximization in wireless communication frequently encounters substantial challenges associated with user fairness. This paper addresses these challenges by exploring a novel power allocation approach for delay optimization, utilizing graph neural networks (GNNs)-based reinforcement learning (RL) in device-to-device (D2D) communication. The proposed approach incorporates not only channel state information but also factors such as packet delay, the number of backlogged packets, and the number of transmitted packets into the components of the state information. We adopt a centralized RL method, where a central controller collects and processes the state information. The central controller functions as an agent trained using the proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm. To better utilize topology information in the communication network and enhance the generalization of the proposed method, we embed GNN layers into both the actor and critic networks of the PPO algorithm. This integration allows for efficient parameter updates of GNNs and enables the state information to be parameterized as a low-dimensional embedding, which is leveraged by the agent to optimize power allocation strategies. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively reduces average delay while ensuring user fairness, outperforms baseline methods, and exhibits scalability and generalization capability.

DD-Ranking: Rethinking the Evaluation of Dataset Distillation

In recent years, dataset distillation has provided a reliable solution for data compression, where models trained on the resulting smaller synthetic datasets achieve performance comparable to those trained on the original datasets. To further improve the performance of synthetic datasets, various training pipelines and optimization objectives have been proposed, greatly advancing the field of dataset distillation. Recent decoupled dataset distillation methods introduce soft labels and stronger data augmentation during the post-evaluation phase and scale dataset distillation up to larger datasets (e.g., ImageNet-1K). However, this raises a question: Is accuracy still a reliable metric to fairly evaluate dataset distillation methods? Our empirical findings suggest that the performance improvements of these methods often stem from additional techniques rather than the inherent quality of the images themselves, with even randomly sampled images achieving superior results. Such misaligned evaluation settings severely hinder the development of DD. Therefore, we propose DD-Ranking, a unified evaluation framework, along with new general evaluation metrics to uncover the true performance improvements achieved by different methods. By refocusing on the actual information enhancement of distilled datasets, DD-Ranking provides a more comprehensive and fair evaluation standard for future research advancements.

Small-Scale-Fading-Aware Resource Allocation in Wireless Federated Learning

Judicious resource allocation can effectively enhance federated learning (FL) training performance in wireless networks by addressing both system and statistical heterogeneity. However, existing strategies typically rely on block fading assumptions, which overlooks rapid channel fluctuations within each round of FL gradient uploading, leading to a degradation in FL training performance. Therefore, this paper proposes a small-scale-fading-aware resource allocation strategy using a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) framework. Specifically, we establish a one-step convergence bound of the FL algorithm and formulate the resource allocation problem as a decentralized partially observable Markov decision process (Dec-POMDP), which is subsequently solved using the QMIX algorithm. In our framework, each client serves as an agent that dynamically determines spectrum and power allocations within each coherence time slot, based on local observations and a reward derived from the convergence analysis. The MARL setting reduces the dimensionality of the action space and facilitates decentralized decision-making, enhancing the scalability and practicality of the solution. Experimental results demonstrate that our QMIX-based resource allocation strategy significantly outperforms baseline methods across various degrees of statistical heterogeneity. Additionally, ablation studies validate the critical importance of incorporating small-scale fading dynamics, highlighting its role in optimizing FL performance.

Clinically Ready Magnetic Microrobots for Targeted Therapies

Systemic drug administration often causes off-target effects limiting the efficacy of advanced therapies. Targeted drug delivery approaches increase local drug concentrations at the diseased site while minimizing systemic drug exposure. We present a magnetically guided microrobotic drug delivery system capable of precise navigation under physiological conditions. This platform integrates a clinical electromagnetic navigation system, a custom-designed release catheter, and a dissolvable capsule for accurate therapeutic delivery. In vitro tests showed precise navigation in human vasculature models, and in vivo experiments confirmed tracking under fluoroscopy and successful navigation in large animal models. The microrobot balances magnetic material concentration, contrast agent loading, and therapeutic drug capacity, enabling effective hosting of therapeutics despite the integration complexity of its components, offering a promising solution for precise targeted drug delivery.

Action Quality Assessment via Hierarchical Pose-guided Multi-stage Contrastive Regression

Action Quality Assessment (AQA), which aims at automatic and fair evaluation of athletic performance, has gained increasing attention in recent years. However, athletes are often in rapid movement and the corresponding visual appearance variances are subtle, making it challenging to capture fine-grained pose differences and leading to poor estimation performance. Furthermore, most common AQA tasks, such as diving in sports, are usually divided into multiple sub-actions, each of which contains different durations. However, existing methods focus on segmenting the video into fixed frames, which disrupts the temporal continuity of sub-actions resulting in unavoidable prediction errors. To address these challenges, we propose a novel action quality assessment method through hierarchically pose-guided multi-stage contrastive regression. Firstly, we introduce a multi-scale dynamic visual-skeleton encoder to capture fine-grained spatio-temporal visual and skeletal features. Then, a procedure segmentation network is introduced to separate different sub-actions and obtain segmented features. Afterwards, the segmented visual and skeletal features are both fed into a multi-modal fusion module as physics structural priors, to guide the model in learning refined activity similarities and variances. Finally, a multi-stage contrastive learning regression approach is employed to learn discriminative representations and output prediction results. In addition, we introduce a newly-annotated FineDiving-Pose Dataset to improve the current low-quality human pose labels. In experiments, the results on FineDiving and MTL-AQA datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed approach. Our source code and dataset are available at https://github.com/Lumos0507/HP-MCoRe.

Meta-Learning Empowered Graph Neural Networks for Radio Resource Management

In this paper, we consider a radio resource management (RRM) problem in the dynamic wireless networks, comprising multiple communication links that share the same spectrum resource. To achieve high network throughput while ensuring fairness across all links, we formulate a resilient power optimization problem with per-user minimum-rate constraints. We obtain the corresponding Lagrangian dual problem and parameterize all variables with neural networks, which can be trained in an unsupervised manner due to the provably acceptable duality gap. We develop a meta-learning approach with graph neural networks (GNNs) as parameterization that exhibits fast adaptation and scalability to varying network configurations. We formulate the objective of meta-learning by amalgamating the Lagrangian functions of different network configurations and utilize a first-order meta-learning algorithm, called Reptile, to obtain the meta-parameters. Numerical results verify that our method can efficiently improve the overall throughput and ensure the minimum rate performance. We further demonstrate that using the meta-parameters as initialization, our method can achieve fast adaptation to new wireless network configurations and reduce the number of required training data samples.

Integrated Dynamic Phenological Feature for Remote Sensing Image Land Cover Change Detection

Remote sensing image change detection (CD) is essential for analyzing land surface changes over time, with a significant challenge being the differentiation of actual changes from complex scenes while filtering out pseudo-changes. A primary contributor to this challenge is the intra-class dynamic changes due to phenological characteristics in natural areas. To overcome this, we introduce the InPhea model, which integrates phenological features into a remote sensing image CD framework. The model features a detector with a differential attention module for improved feature representation of change information, coupled with high-resolution feature extraction and spatial pyramid blocks to enhance performance. Additionally, a constrainer with four constraint modules and a multi-stage contrastive learning approach is employed to aid in the model's understanding of phenological characteristics. Experiments on the HRSCD, SECD, and PSCD-Wuhan datasets reveal that InPhea outperforms other models, confirming its effectiveness in addressing phenological pseudo-changes and its overall model superiority.

On Purely Data-Driven Massive MIMO Detectors

To enhance the performance of massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) detection using deep learning, prior research primarily adopts a model-driven methodology, integrating deep neural networks (DNNs) with traditional iterative detectors. Despite these efforts, achieving a purely data-driven detector has remained elusive, primarily due to the inherent complexities arising from the problem's high dimensionality. This paper introduces ChannelNet, a simple yet effective purely data-driven massive MIMO detector. ChannelNet embeds the channel matrix into the network as linear layers rather than viewing it as input, enabling scalability to massive MIMO scenarios. ChannelNet is computationally efficient and has a computational complexity of $\mathcal{O}(N_t N_r)$, where $N_t$ and $N_r$ represent the numbers of transmit and receive antennas, respectively. Despite the low computation complexity, ChannelNet demonstrates robust empirical performance, matching or surpassing state-of-the-art detectors in various scenarios. In addition, theoretical insights establish ChannelNet as a universal approximator in probability for any continuous permutation-equivariant functions. ChannelNet demonstrates that designing deep learning based massive MIMO detectors can be purely data-driven and free from the constraints posed by the conventional iterative frameworks as well as the channel and noise distribution models.

Semantic Communication for Cooperative Perception based on Importance Map

Cooperative perception, which has a broader perception field than single-vehicle perception, has played an increasingly important role in autonomous driving to conduct 3D object detection. Through vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication technology, various connected automated vehicles (CAVs) can share their sensory information (LiDAR point clouds) for cooperative perception. We employ an importance map to extract significant semantic information and propose a novel cooperative perception semantic communication scheme with intermediate fusion. Meanwhile, our proposed architecture can be extended to the challenging time-varying multipath fading channel. To alleviate the distortion caused by the time-varying multipath fading, we adopt explicit orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) blocks combined with channel estimation and channel equalization. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed model outperforms the traditional separate source-channel coding over various channel models. Moreover, a robustness study indicates that only part of semantic information is key to cooperative perception. Although our proposed model has only been trained over one specific channel, it has the ability to learn robust coded representations of semantic information that remain resilient to various channel models, demonstrating its generality and robustness.