Flexible Cylindrical Array-Aided Secure Wireless Communications

Flexible-geometry arrays based on movable antennas have shown considerable potential for improving wireless communication performance. In this letter, we investigate a multiuser multiple-input single-output (MU-MISO) downlink secure communication system aided by a flexible cylindrical array (FCLA) and artificial noise (AN), where each antenna element rotates along circular tracks while the circular slices move along a vertical axis. To guarantee transmission security, we aim to maximize the achievable sum rate at multiple legitimate information receivers by jointly optimizing transmit beamforming, AN covariance matrix, and antenna placement under secrecy constraints for an eavesdropper. While the resulting problem is intractable to solve, we develop a block coordinate descent (BCD)-based framework that combines the Lagrangian dual transform, tight semidefinite relaxation (SDR), and Nesterov-accelerated projected gradient descent (PGD). Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm converges rapidly and achieves significant sum-rate gains over benchmark schemes by exploiting the geometry flexibility of the array.

Heterogeneous Mixture-of-Experts for Energy-Efficient Multimodal ISAC in Highly Mobile Networks

The integration of multimodal sensing and millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications is a key enabler for highly mobile vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) networks. However, continuous high-resolution visual sensing incurs prohibitive computational energy, while delayed sensing information worsens beam misalignment. In this paper, we establish a physics-aware multimodel integrated sensing and communication (M-ISAC) framework that quantifies the mathematical trade-off between sensing energy and communication reliability using the semantic age of information (AoI). To address the coupled challenges of temporal AoI evolution and instantaneous non-convex constant modulus constraints, we propose a novel reinforcement learning approach empowered by a heterogeneous mixture-of-experts (RL-H-MoE) architecture. By strictly decoupling the temporal scheduling and spatial phase mapping, the RL-H-MoE avoids prevalent gradient conflicts in multi-task learning. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed architecture achieves an optimal event-triggered sensing policy, significantly minimizing the long-term system cost while guaranteeing ultra-low sensing errors and reliable physical-layer link connectivity.

Sparse Gain Radio Map Reconstruction With Geometry Priors and Uncertainty-Guided Measurement Selection

Radio maps are important for environment-aware wireless communication, network planning, and radio resource optimization. However, dense radio map construction remains challenging when only a limited number of measurements are available, especially in complex urban environments with strong blockages, irregular geometry, and restricted sensing accessibility. Existing methods have explored interpolation, low-rank cartography, deep completion, and channel knowledge map (CKM) construction, but many of these methods insufficiently exploit explicit geometric priors or overlook the value of predictive uncertainty for subsequent sensing. In this paper, we study sparse gain radio map reconstruction from a geometry-aware and active sensing perspective. We first construct \textbf{UrbanRT-RM}, a controllable ray-tracing benchmark with diverse urban layouts, multiple base-station deployments, and multiple sparse sampling modes. We then propose \textbf{GeoUQ-GFNet}, a lightweight network that jointly predicts a dense gain radio map and a spatial uncertainty map from sparse measurements and structured scene priors. The predicted uncertainty is further used to guide active measurement selection under limited sensing budgets. Extensive experiments show that our proposed GeoUQ-GFNet method achieves strong and consistent reconstruction performance across different scenes and transmitter placements generated using UrbanRT-RM. Moreover, uncertainty-guided querying provides more effective reconstruction improvement than non-adaptive sampling under the same additional measurement budget. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of combining geometry-aware learning, uncertainty estimation, and benchmark-driven evaluation for sparse radio map reconstruction in complex urban environments.

ShardMemo: Masked MoE Routing for Sharded Agentic LLM Memory

Agentic large language model (LLM) systems rely on external memory for long-horizon state and concurrent multi-agent execution, but centralized indexes and heuristic partitions become bottlenecks as memory volume and parallel access grow. We present ShardMemo, a budgeted tiered memory service with Tier A per-agent working state, Tier B sharded evidence with shard-local approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) indexes, and Tier C, a versioned skill library. Tier B enforces scope-before-routing: structured eligibility constraints mask ineligible shards before routing or ANN search. We cast shard probing as masked mixture-of-experts (MoE) routing over eligible shards, probing up to $B_{\mathrm{probe}}$ shards via Top-$B_{\mathrm{probe}}$ or adaptive Top-$P$, and use cost-aware gating over profile/observation/session shard families; the router is trained from evidence-to-shard supervision. On LoCoMo, ShardMemo improves over the strongest baseline (GAM) by +5.11 to +6.82 F1 across question categories. Under a fixed-budget routing setting ($B_{\mathrm{probe}}=3$), ShardMemo improves over cosine-to-prototype shard routing by +6.87 F1 while reducing retrieval work (VecScan 521->414, -20.5%) and p95 latency (95->76 ms). On long-context HotpotQA, ShardMemo achieves 63.41/61.88/57.95 F1 at 56K/224K/448K tokens. On ToolBench, Tier C reaches 0.97 Precision@3 and 1.94 StepRed (+10.2% and +7.2% over embedding-similarity retrieval).

Movable Antenna Empowered Covert Dual-Functional Radar-Communication

Movable antenna (MA) has emerged as a promising technology to flexibly reconfigure wireless channels by adjusting antenna placement. In this paper, we study a secured dual-functional radar-communication (DFRC) system aided by movable antennas. To enhance the communication security, we aim to maximize the achievable sum rate by jointly optimizing the transmitter beamforming vectors, receiving filter, and antenna placement, subject to radar signal-to-noise ratio (SINR) and transmission covertness constraints. We consider multiple Willies operating in both non-colluding and colluding modes. For noncolluding Willies, we first employ a Lagrangian dual transformation procedure to reformulate the challenging optimization problem into a more tractable form. Subsequently, we develop an efficient block coordinate descent (BCD) algorithm that integrates semidefinite relaxation (SDR), projected gradient descent (PGD), Dinkelbach transformation, and successive convex approximation (SCA) techniques to tackle the resulting problem. For colluding Willies, we first derive the minimum detection error probability (DEP) by characterizing the optimal detection statistic, which is proven to follow the generalized Erlang distribution. Then, we develop a minimum mean square error (MMSE)-based algorithm to address the colluding detection problem. We further provide a comprehensive complexity analysis on the unified design framework. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can significantly improve the covert sum rate, and achieve a superior balance between communication and radar performance compared with existing benchmark schemes.

Movable Antenna Enhanced MIMO Communications with Spatial Modulation

Movable antenna (MA) has demonstrated great potential in enhancing wireless communication performance. In this paper, we investigate an MA-enabled multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system with spatial modulation (SM), which improves communication performance by utilizing flexible MA placement while reducing the cost of RF chains. To this end, we propose a joint transceiver design framework aimed at minimizing the bit error rate (BER) based on the maximum minimum distance (MMD) criterion. To address the intractable problem, we develop an efficient iterative algorithm based on alternating optimization (AO) and successive convex approximation (SCA) techniques. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves rapid convergence performance and significantly outperforms the existing benchmark schemes.

SKANet: A Cognitive Dual-Stream Framework with Adaptive Modality Fusion for Robust Compound GNSS Interference Classification

As the electromagnetic environment becomes increasingly complex, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) face growing threats from sophisticated jamming interference. Although Deep Learning (DL) effectively identifies basic interference, classifying compound interference remains difficult due to the superposition of diverse jamming sources. Existing single-domain approaches often suffer from performance degradation because transient burst signals and continuous global signals require conflicting feature extraction scales. We propose the Selective Kernel and Asymmetric convolution Network(SKANet), a cognitive deep learning framework built upon a dual-stream architecture that integrates Time-Frequency Images (TFIs) and Power Spectral Density (PSD). Distinct from conventional fusion methods that rely on static receptive fields, the proposed architecture incorporates a Multi-Branch Selective Kernel (SK) module combined with Asymmetric Convolution Blocks (ACBs). This mechanism enables the network to dynamically adjust its receptive fields, acting as an adaptive filter that simultaneously captures micro-scale transient features and macro-scale spectral trends within entangled compound signals. To complement this spatial-temporal adaptation, a Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) mechanism is integrated at the fusion stage to adaptively recalibrate the contribution of heterogeneous features from each modality. Evaluations on a dataset of 405,000 samples demonstrate that SKANet achieves an overall accuracy of 96.99\%, exhibiting superior robustness for compound jamming classification, particularly under low Jamming-to-Noise Ratio (JNR) regimes.

PhyG-MoE: A Physics-Guided Mixture-of-Experts Framework for Energy-Efficient GNSS Interference Recognition

Complex electromagnetic interference increasingly compromises Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), threatening the reliability of Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks (SAGIN). Although deep learning has advanced interference recognition, current static models suffer from a \textbf{fundamental limitation}: they impose a fixed computational topology regardless of the input's physical entropy. This rigidity leads to severe resource mismatch, where simple primitives consume the same processing cost as chaotic, saturated mixtures. To resolve this, this paper introduces PhyG-MoE (Physics-Guided Mixture-of-Experts), a framework designed to \textbf{dynamically align model capacity with signal complexity}. Unlike static architectures, the proposed system employs a spectrum-based gating mechanism that routes signals based on their spectral feature entanglement. A high-capacity TransNeXt expert is activated on-demand to disentangle complex features in saturated scenarios, while lightweight experts handle fundamental signals to minimize latency. Evaluations on 21 jamming categories demonstrate that PhyG-MoE achieves an overall accuracy of 97.58\%. By resolving the intrinsic conflict between static computing and dynamic electromagnetic environments, the proposed framework significantly reduces computational overhead without performance degradation, offering a viable solution for resource-constrained cognitive receivers.

Crosstalk-Resilient Beamforming for Movable Antenna Enabled Integrated Sensing and Communication

This paper investigates a movable antenna (MA) enabled integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system under the influence of antenna crosstalk. First, it generalizes the antenna crosstalk model from the conventional fixed-position antenna (FPA) system to the MA scenario. Then, a Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) minimization problem driven by joint beamforming and antenna position design is presented. Specifically, to address this highly non-convex flexible beamforming problem, we deploy a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach to train a flexible beamforming agent. To ensure stability during training, a Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (TD3) algorithm is adopted to balance exploration with reward maximization for efficient and reliable learning. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed crosstalk-resilient (CR) algorithm enhances the overall ISAC performance compared to other benchmark schemes.

Robust Transceiver Design for RIS Enhanced Dual-Functional Radar-Communication with Movable Antenna

Movable antennas (MAs) have demonstrated significant potential in enhancing the performance of dual-functional radar-communication (DFRC) systems. In this paper, we explore an MA-aided DFRC system that utilizes a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) to enhance signal coverage for communications in dead zones. To enhance the radar sensing performance in practical DFRC environments, we propose a unified robust transceiver design framework aimed at maximizing the minimum radar signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) in a cluttered environment. Our approach jointly optimizes transmit beamforming, receive filtering, antenna placement, and RIS reflecting coefficients under imperfect channel state information (CSI) for both sensing and communication channels. To deal with the channel uncertainty-constrained issue, we leverage the convex hull method to transform the primal problem into a more tractable form. We then introduce a two-layer block coordinate descent (BCD) algorithm, incorporating fractional programming (FP), successive convex approximation (SCA), S-Lemma, and penalty techniques to reformulate it into a series of semidefinite program (SDP) subproblems that can be efficiently solved. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the convergence and computational complexity for the proposed design framework. Simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method, and show that the MA-based design framework can significantly enhance the radar SINR performance while achieving an effective balance between the radar and communication performance.