Hierarchical Multi-label Classification for Fine-level Event Extraction from Aviation Accident Reports

A large volume of accident reports is recorded in the aviation domain, which greatly values improving aviation safety. To better use those reports, we need to understand the most important events or impact factors according to the accident reports. However, the increasing number of accident reports requires large efforts from domain experts to label those reports. In order to make the labeling process more efficient, many researchers have started developing algorithms to identify the underlying events from accident reports automatically. This article argues that we can identify the events more accurately by leveraging the event taxonomy. More specifically, we consider the problem a hierarchical classification task where we first identify the coarse-level information and then predict the fine-level information. We achieve this hierarchical classification process by incorporating a novel hierarchical attention module into BERT. To further utilize the information from event taxonomy, we regularize the proposed model according to the relationship and distribution among labels. The effectiveness of our framework is evaluated with the data collected by National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). It has been shown that fine-level prediction accuracy is highly improved, and the regularization term can be beneficial to the rare event identification problem.

GraphRCG: Self-conditioned Graph Generation via Bootstrapped Representations

Graph generation generally aims to create new graphs that closely align with a specific graph distribution. Existing works often implicitly capture this distribution through the optimization of generators, potentially overlooking the intricacies of the distribution itself. Furthermore, these approaches generally neglect the insights offered by the learned distribution for graph generation. In contrast, in this work, we propose a novel self-conditioned graph generation framework designed to explicitly model graph distributions and employ these distributions to guide the generation process. We first perform self-conditioned modeling to capture the graph distributions by transforming each graph sample into a low-dimensional representation and optimizing a representation generator to create new representations reflective of the learned distribution. Subsequently, we leverage these bootstrapped representations as self-conditioned guidance for the generation process, thereby facilitating the generation of graphs that more accurately reflect the learned distributions. We conduct extensive experiments on generic and molecular graph datasets across various fields. Our framework demonstrates superior performance over existing state-of-the-art graph generation methods in terms of graph quality and fidelity to training data.

Enhancing Essay Scoring with Adversarial Weights Perturbation and Metric-specific AttentionPooling

The objective of this study is to improve automated feedback tools designed for English Language Learners (ELLs) through the utilization of data science techniques encompassing machine learning, natural language processing, and educational data analytics. Automated essay scoring (AES) research has made strides in evaluating written essays, but it often overlooks the specific needs of English Language Learners (ELLs) in language development. This study explores the application of BERT-related techniques to enhance the assessment of ELLs' writing proficiency within AES. To address the specific needs of ELLs, we propose the use of DeBERTa, a state-of-the-art neural language model, for improving automated feedback tools. DeBERTa, pretrained on large text corpora using self-supervised learning, learns universal language representations adaptable to various natural language understanding tasks. The model incorporates several innovative techniques, including adversarial training through Adversarial Weights Perturbation (AWP) and Metric-specific AttentionPooling (6 kinds of AP) for each label in the competition. The primary focus of this research is to investigate the impact of hyperparameters, particularly the adversarial learning rate, on the performance of the model. By fine-tuning the hyperparameter tuning process, including the influence of 6AP and AWP, the resulting models can provide more accurate evaluations of language proficiency and support tailored learning tasks for ELLs. This work has the potential to significantly benefit ELLs by improving their English language proficiency and facilitating their educational journey.

Semantic Similarity Matching for Patent Documents Using Ensemble BERT-related Model and Novel Text Processing Method

In the realm of patent document analysis, assessing semantic similarity between phrases presents a significant challenge, notably amplifying the inherent complexities of Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC) research. Firstly, this study addresses these challenges, recognizing early CPC work while acknowledging past struggles with language barriers and document intricacy. Secondly, it underscores the persisting difficulties of CPC research. To overcome these challenges and bolster the CPC system, This paper presents two key innovations. Firstly, it introduces an ensemble approach that incorporates four BERT-related models, enhancing semantic similarity accuracy through weighted averaging. Secondly, a novel text preprocessing method tailored for patent documents is introduced, featuring a distinctive input structure with token scoring that aids in capturing semantic relationships during CPC context training, utilizing BCELoss. Our experimental findings conclusively establish the effectiveness of both our Ensemble Model and novel text processing strategies when deployed on the U.S. Patent Phrase to Phrase Matching dataset.

Enhancing Multimodal Understanding with CLIP-Based Image-to-Text Transformation

The process of transforming input images into corresponding textual explanations stands as a crucial and complex endeavor within the domains of computer vision and natural language processing. In this paper, we propose an innovative ensemble approach that harnesses the capabilities of Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining models.

Integration and Performance Analysis of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Vision Based on Deep Learning Algorithms

This paper focuses on the analysis of the application effectiveness of the integration of deep learning and computer vision technologies. Deep learning achieves a historic breakthrough by constructing hierarchical neural networks, enabling end-to-end feature learning and semantic understanding of images. The successful experiences in the field of computer vision provide strong support for training deep learning algorithms. The tight integration of these two fields has given rise to a new generation of advanced computer vision systems, significantly surpassing traditional methods in tasks such as machine vision image classification and object detection. In this paper, typical image classification cases are combined to analyze the superior performance of deep neural network models while also pointing out their limitations in generalization and interpretability, proposing directions for future improvements. Overall, the efficient integration and development trend of deep learning with massive visual data will continue to drive technological breakthroughs and application expansion in the field of computer vision, making it possible to build truly intelligent machine vision systems. This deepening fusion paradigm will powerfully promote unprecedented tasks and functions in computer vision, providing stronger development momentum for related disciplines and industries.

Enhancing Dynamic Image Advertising with Vision-Language Pre-training

In the multimedia era, image is an effective medium in search advertising. Dynamic Image Advertising (DIA), a system that matches queries with ad images and generates multimodal ads, is introduced to improve user experience and ad revenue. The core of DIA is a query-image matching module performing ad image retrieval and relevance modeling. Current query-image matching suffers from limited and inconsistent data, and insufficient cross-modal interaction. Also, the separate optimization of retrieval and relevance models affects overall performance. To address this issue, we propose a vision-language framework consisting of two parts. First, we train a base model on large-scale image-text pairs to learn general multimodal representation. Then, we fine-tune the base model on advertising business data, unifying relevance modeling and retrieval through multi-objective learning. Our framework has been implemented in Baidu search advertising system "Phoneix Nest". Online evaluation shows that it improves cost per mille (CPM) and click-through rate (CTR) by 1.04% and 1.865%.

CDIDN: A Registration Model with High Deformation Impedance Capability for Long-Term Tracking of Pulmonary Lesion Dynamics

We study the problem of registration for medical CT images from a novel perspective -- the sensitivity to degree of deformations in CT images. Although some learning-based methods have shown success in terms of average accuracy, their ability to handle regions with local large deformation (LLD) may significantly decrease compared to dealing with regions with minor deformation. This motivates our research into this issue. Two main causes of LLDs are organ motion and changes in tissue structure, with the latter often being a long-term process. In this paper, we propose a novel registration model called Cascade-Dilation Inter-Layer Differential Network (CDIDN), which exhibits both high deformation impedance capability (DIC) and accuracy. CDIDN improves its resilience to LLDs in CT images by enhancing LLDs in the displacement field (DF). It uses a feature-based progressive decomposition of LLDs, blending feature flows of different levels into a main flow in a top-down manner. It leverages Inter-Layer Differential Module (IDM) at each level to locally refine the main flow and globally smooth the feature flow, and also integrates feature velocity fields that can effectively handle feature deformations of various degrees. We assess CDIDN using lungs as representative organs with large deformation. Our findings show that IDM significantly enhances LLDs of the DF, by which improves the DIC and accuracy of the model. Compared with other outstanding learning-based methods, CDIDN exhibits the best DIC and excellent accuracy. Based on vessel enhancement and enhanced LLDs of the DF, we propose a novel method to accurately track the appearance, disappearance, enlargement, and shrinkage of pulmonary lesions, which effectively addresses detection of early lesions and peripheral lung lesions, issues of false enlargement, false shrinkage, and mutilation of lesions.

Cross-domain Collaborative Learning for Recognizing Multiple Retinal Diseases from Wide-Field Fundus Images

This paper addresses the emerging task of recognizing multiple retinal diseases from wide-field (WF) and ultra-wide-field (UWF) fundus images. For an effective reuse of existing labeled color fundus photo (CFP) data, we propose Cross-domain Collaborative Learning (CdCL). Inspired by the success of fixed-ratio based mixup in unsupervised domain adaptation, we re-purpose this strategy for the current task. Due to the intrinsic disparity between the field-of-view of CFP and WF/UWF images, a scale bias naturally exists in a mixup sample that the anatomic structure from a CFP image will be considerably larger than its WF/UWF counterpart. The CdCL method resolves the issue by Scale-bias Correction, which employs Transformers for producing scale-invariant features. As demonstrated by extensive experiments on multiple datasets covering both WF and UWF images, the proposed method compares favorably against a number of competitive baselines.

Efficient Domain Coverage for Vehicles with Second Order Dynamics via Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

Collaborative autonomous multi-agent systems covering a specified area have many potential applications, such as UAV search and rescue, forest fire fighting, and real-time high-resolution monitoring. Traditional approaches for such coverage problems involve designing a model-based control policy based on sensor data. However, designing model-based controllers is challenging, and the state-of-the-art classical control policy still exhibits a large degree of suboptimality. In this paper, we present a reinforcement learning (RL) approach for the multi-agent coverage problem involving agents with second-order dynamics. Our approach is based on the Multi-Agent Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithm (MAPPO). To improve the stability of the learning-based policy and efficiency of exploration, we utilize an imitation loss based on the state-of-the-art classical control policy. Our trained policy significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art. Our proposed network architecture includes incorporation of self attention, which allows a single-shot domain transfer of the trained policy to a large variety of domain shapes and number of agents. We demonstrate our proposed method in a variety of simulated experiments.