Fatigue-Aware Learning to Defer via Constrained Optimisation

Learning to defer (L2D) enables human-AI cooperation by deciding when an AI system should act autonomously or defer to a human expert. Existing L2D methods, however, assume static human performance, contradicting well-established findings on fatigue-induced degradation. We propose Fatigue-Aware Learning to Defer via Constrained Optimisation (FALCON), which explicitly models workload-varying human performance using psychologically grounded fatigue curves. FALCON formulates L2D as a Constrained Markov Decision Process (CMDP) whose state includes both task features and cumulative human workload, and optimises accuracy under human-AI cooperation budgets via PPO-Lagrangian training. We further introduce FA-L2D, a benchmark that systematically varies fatigue dynamics from near-static to rapidly degrading regimes. Experiments across multiple datasets show that FALCON consistently outperforms state-of-the-art L2D methods across coverage levels, generalises zero-shot to unseen experts with different fatigue patterns, and demonstrates the advantage of adaptive human-AI collaboration over AI-only or human-only decision-making when coverage lies strictly between 0 and 1.

AGFT: Alignment-Guided Fine-Tuning for Zero-Shot Adversarial Robustness of Vision-Language Models

Pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) exhibit strong zero-shot generalization but remain vulnerable to adversarial perturbations. Existing classification-guided adversarial fine-tuning methods often disrupt pre-trained cross-modal alignment, weakening visual-textual correspondence and degrading zero-shot performance. In this paper, we propose an Alignment-Guided Fine-Tuning (AGFT) framework that enhances zero-shot adversarial robustness while preserving the cross-modal semantic structure. Unlike label-based methods that rely on hard labels and fail to maintain the relative relationships between image and text, AGFT leverages the probabilistic predictions of the original model for text-guided adversarial training, which aligns adversarial visual features with textual embeddings via soft alignment distributions, improving zero-shot adversarial robustness. To address structural discrepancies introduced by fine-tuning, we introduce a distribution consistency calibration mechanism that adjusts the robust model output to match a temperature-scaled version of the pre-trained model predictions. Extensive experiments across multiple zero-shot benchmarks demonstrate that AGFT outperforms state-of-the-art methods while significantly improving zero-shot adversarial robustness.

Rényi Entropy: A New Token Pruning Metric for Vision Transformers

Vision Transformers (ViTs) achieve state-of-the-art performance but suffer from the $O(N^2)$ complexity of self-attention, making inference costly for high-resolution inputs. To address this bottleneck, token pruning has emerged as a critical technique to accelerate inference. Most existing methods rely on the [CLS] token to estimate patch importance. However, we argue that the [CLS] token can be unreliable in early layers where semantic representations are still immature. As a result, pruning in the early layer often leads to inaccurate importance estimation and unnecessary information loss. In this work, we propose a training-free token importance metric, namely Col-Ln, which is derived from Rényi entropy that enables the identification of informative tokens from the first layer of the network, thereby enabling more reliable pruning in token reduction. Extensive experiments on ViTs and Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) demonstrate that our approach consistently outperforms state-of-the-art pruning methods across diverse benchmarks.

PROBE: Diagnosing Residual Concept Capacity in Erased Text-to-Video Diffusion Models

Concept erasure techniques for text-to-video (T2V) diffusion models report substantial suppression of sensitive content, yet current evaluation is limited to checking whether the target concept is absent from generated frames, treating output-level suppression as evidence of representational removal. We introduce PROBE, a diagnostic protocol that quantifies the \textit{reactivation potential} of erased concepts in T2V models. With all model parameters frozen, PROBE optimizes a lightweight pseudo-token embedding through a denoising reconstruction objective combined with a novel latent alignment constraint that anchors recovery to the spatiotemporal structure of the original concept. We make three contributions: (1) a multi-level evaluation framework spanning classifier-based detection, semantic similarity, temporal reactivation analysis, and human validation; (2) systematic experiments across three T2V architectures, three concept categories, and three erasure strategies revealing that all tested methods leave measurable residual capacity whose robustness correlates with intervention depth; and (3) the identification of temporal re-emergence, a video-specific failure mode where suppressed concepts progressively resurface across frames, invisible to frame-level metrics. These findings suggest that current erasure methods achieve output-level suppression rather than representational removal. We release our protocol to support reproducible safety auditing. Our code is available at https://github.com/YiweiXie/PRObingBasedEvaluation.

Speed by Simplicity: A Single-Stream Architecture for Fast Audio-Video Generative Foundation Model

We present daVinci-MagiHuman, an open-source audio-video generative foundation model for human-centric generation. daVinci-MagiHuman jointly generates synchronized video and audio using a single-stream Transformer that processes text, video, and audio within a unified token sequence via self-attention only. This single-stream design avoids the complexity of multi-stream or cross-attention architectures while remaining easy to optimize with standard training and inference infrastructure. The model is particularly strong in human-centric scenarios, producing expressive facial performance, natural speech-expression coordination, realistic body motion, and precise audio-video synchronization. It supports multilingual spoken generation across Chinese (Mandarin and Cantonese), English, Japanese, Korean, German, and French. For efficient inference, we combine the single-stream backbone with model distillation, latent-space super-resolution, and a Turbo VAE decoder, enabling generation of a 5-second 256p video in 2 seconds on a single H100 GPU. In automatic evaluation, daVinci-MagiHuman achieves the highest visual quality and text alignment among leading open models, along with the lowest word error rate (14.60%) for speech intelligibility. In pairwise human evaluation, it achieves win rates of 80.0% against Ovi 1.1 and 60.9% against LTX 2.3 over 2000 comparisons. We open-source the complete model stack, including the base model, the distilled model, the super-resolution model, and the inference codebase.

MV2UV: Generating High-quality UV Texture Maps with Multiview Prompts

Generating high-quality textures for 3D assets is a challenging task. Existing multiview texture generation methods suffer from the multiview inconsistency and missing textures on unseen parts, while UV inpainting texture methods do not generalize well due to insufficient UV data and cannot well utilize 2D image diffusion priors. In this paper, we propose a new method called MV2UV that combines 2D generative priors from multiview generation and the inpainting ability of UV refinement to get high-quality texture maps. Our key idea is to adopt a UV space generative model that simultaneously inpaints unseen parts of multiview images while resolving the inconsistency of multiview images. Experiments show that our method enables a better texture generation quality than existing methods, especially in unseen occluded and multiview-inconsistent parts.

LocalSUG: Geography-Aware LLM for Query Suggestion in Local-Life Services

In local-life service platforms, the query suggestion module plays a crucial role in enhancing user experience by generating candidate queries based on user input prefixes, thus reducing user effort and accelerating search. Traditional multi-stage cascading systems rely heavily on historical top queries, limiting their ability to address long-tail demand. While LLMs offer strong semantic generalization, deploying them in local-life services introduces three key challenges: lack of geographic grounding, exposure bias in preference optimization, and online inference latency. To address these issues, we propose LocalSUG, an LLM-based query suggestion framework tailored for local-life service platforms. First, we introduce a city-aware candidate mining strategy based on term co-occurrence to inject geographic grounding into generation. Second, we propose a beam-search-driven GRPO algorithm that aligns training with inference-time decoding, reducing exposure bias in autoregressive generation. A multi-objective reward mechanism further optimizes both relevance and business-oriented metrics. Finally, we develop quality-aware beam acceleration and vocabulary pruning techniques that significantly reduce online latency while preserving generation quality. Extensive offline evaluations and large-scale online A/B testing demonstrate that LocalSUG improves click-through rate (CTR) by +0.35% and reduces the low/no-result rate by 2.56%, validating its effectiveness in real-world deployment.

HierKick: Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning for Vision-Guided Soccer Robot Control

Controlling soccer robots involves multi-time-scale decision-making, which requires balancing long-term tactical planning and short-term motion execution. Traditional end-to-end reinforcement learning (RL) methods face challenges in complex dynamic environments. This paper proposes HierKick, a vision-guided soccer robot control framework based on dual-frequency hierarchical RL. The framework adopts a hierarchical control architecture featuring a 5 Hz high-level policy that integrates YOLOv8 for real-time detection and selects tasks via a coach model, and a pre-trained 50 Hz low-level controller for precise joint control. Through this architecture, the framework achieves the four steps of approaching, aligning, dribbling, and kicking. Experimental results show that the success rates of this framework are 95.2\% in IsaacGym, 89.8\% in Mujoco, and 80\% in the real world. HierKick provides an effective hierarchical paradigm for robot control in complex environments, extendable to multi-time-scale tasks, with its modular design and skill reuse offering a new path for intelligent robot control.

Muon+: Towards Better Muon via One Additional Normalization Step

The Muon optimizer has demonstrated promising performance in pre-training large language models through gradient (or momentum) orthogonalization. In this work, we propose a simple yet effective enhancement to Muon, namely Muon+, which introduces an additional normalization step after orthogonalization. We demonstrate the effectiveness of Muon+ through extensive pre-training experiments across a wide range of model scales and architectures. Our evaluation includes GPT-style models ranging from 130M to 774M parameters and LLaMA-style models ranging from 60M to 1B parameters. We comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of Muon+ in the compute-optimal training regime and further extend the token-to-parameter (T2P) ratio to an industrial level of $\approx 200$. Experimental results show that Muon+ provides a consistent boost on training and validation perplexity over Muon. We provide our code here: https://github.com/K1seki221/MuonPlus.

Decoupling Vision and Language: Codebook Anchored Visual Adaptation

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) use their vision encoders to translate images into representations for downstream reasoning, but the encoders often underperform in domain-specific visual tasks such as medical image diagnosis or fine-grained classification, where representation errors can cascade through the language model, leading to incorrect responses. Existing adaptation methods modify the continuous feature interface between encoder and language model through projector tuning or other parameter-efficient updates, which still couples the two components and requires re-alignment whenever the encoder changes. We introduce CRAFT (Codebook RegulAted Fine-Tuning), a lightweight method that fine-tunes the encoder using a discrete codebook that anchors visual representations to a stable token space, achieving domain adaptation without modifying other parts of the model. This decoupled design allows the adapted encoder to seamlessly boost the performance of LVLMs with different language architectures, as long as they share the same codebook. Empirically, CRAFT achieves an average gain of 13.51% across 10 domain-specific benchmarks such as VQARAD and PlantVillage, while preserving the LLM's linguistic capabilities and outperforming peer methods that operate on continuous tokens.