Deep learning and random light structuring ensure robust free-space communications

Having shown early promise, free-space optical communications (FSO) face formidable challenges in the age of information explosion. The ever-growing demand for greater channel communication capacity is one of the challenges. The inter-channel crosstalk, which severely degrades the quality of transmitted information, creates another roadblock in the way of efficient FSO implementation. Here we advance theoretically and realize experimentally a potentially high-capacity FSO protocol that enables high-fidelity transfer of an image, or set of images through a complex environment. In our protocol, we complement random light structuring at the transmitter with a deep learning image classification platform at the receiver. Multiplexing novel, independent, mutually orthogonal degrees of freedom available to structured random light can potentially significantly boost the channel communication capacity of our protocol without introducing any deleterious crosstalk. Specifically, we show how one can multiplex the degrees of freedom associated with the source coherence radius and a spatial position of a beamlet within an array of structured random beams to greatly enhance the capacity of our communication link. The superb resilience of structured random light to environmental noise, as well as extreme efficiency of deep learning networks at classifying images guarantees high-fidelity image transfer within the framework of our protocol.

Self-supervised Learning for Electroencephalogram: A Systematic Survey

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a non-invasive technique to record bioelectrical signals. Integrating supervised deep learning techniques with EEG signals has recently facilitated automatic analysis across diverse EEG-based tasks. However, the label issues of EEG signals have constrained the development of EEG-based deep models. Obtaining EEG annotations is difficult that requires domain experts to guide collection and labeling, and the variability of EEG signals among different subjects causes significant label shifts. To solve the above challenges, self-supervised learning (SSL) has been proposed to extract representations from unlabeled samples through well-designed pretext tasks. This paper concentrates on integrating SSL frameworks with temporal EEG signals to achieve efficient representation and proposes a systematic review of the SSL for EEG signals. In this paper, 1) we introduce the concept and theory of self-supervised learning and typical SSL frameworks. 2) We provide a comprehensive review of SSL for EEG analysis, including taxonomy, methodology, and technique details of the existing EEG-based SSL frameworks, and discuss the difference between these methods. 3) We investigate the adaptation of the SSL approach to various downstream tasks, including the task description and related benchmark datasets. 4) Finally, we discuss the potential directions for future SSL-EEG research.

Infrared Small Target Detection Using Double-Weighted Multi-Granularity Patch Tensor Model With Tensor-Train Decomposition

Infrared small target detection plays an important role in the remote sensing fields. Therefore, many detection algorithms have been proposed, in which the infrared patch-tensor (IPT) model has become a mainstream tool due to its excellent performance. However, most IPT-based methods face great challenges, such as inaccurate measure of the tensor low-rankness and poor robustness to complex scenes, which will leadto poor detection performance. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes a novel double-weighted multi-granularity infrared patch tensor (DWMGIPT) model. First, to capture different granularity information of tensor from multiple modes, a multi-granularity infrared patch tensor (MGIPT) model is constructed by collecting nonoverlapping patches and tensor augmentation based on the tensor train (TT) decomposition. Second, to explore the latent structure of tensor more efficiently, we utilize the auto-weighted mechanism to balance the importance of information at different granularity. Then, the steering kernel (SK) is employed to extract local structure prior, which suppresses background interference such as strong edges and noise. Finally, an efficient optimization algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is presented to solve the model. Extensive experiments in various challenging scenes show that the proposed algorithm is robust to noise and different scenes. Compared with the other eight state-of-the-art methods, different evaluation metrics demonstrate that our method achieves better detection performance in various complex scenes.

Image Super-Resolution via Residual Blended Attention Generative Adversarial Network with Dual Discriminators

When reviewing codes, it seems that there's something wrong with the training codes that we did not notice, this article is temporarily withdrawn and will be modified and resubmitted after codes reviewing.

Single Image Super-resolution via Dense Blended Attention Generative Adversarial Network for Clinical Diagnosis

In clinical diagnosis, doctors are able to see biological tissues and early lesions more clearly with the assistance of high-resolution(HR) medical images, which is of vital significance for improving diagnosis accuracy. In order to address the issue that medical images would suffer from severe blurring caused by lack of high-frequency details, this paper develops a novel image super-resolution(SR) algorithm called SR-DBAN via dense neural network and blended attention mechanism. Specifically, a novel blended attention block is proposed and introduced to dense neural network(DenseNet), so that the neural network can concentrate more attention to the regions and channels with sufficient high-frequency details adaptively. In the framework of SR-DBAN, batch normalization layers in the original DenseNet are removed to avoid loss of high-frequency texture details, final HR images are obtained by deconvolution at the very end of the network. Furthermore, inspired by the impressive performance of generative adversarial network, this paper develops a novel image SR algorithm called SR-DBAGAN via dense blended attention generative adversarial network. SR-DBAGAN consists a generator and a discriminator, the generator uses our proposed SR-DBAN to generate HR images and try to fool the discriminator while the discriminator is designed based on Wasserstein GAN(WGAN) to discriminate. We deployed our algorithms on blurry prostate MRI images, and experimental results showed that our proposed algorithms have generated considerable sharpness and texture details and have a significant improvement on the peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR) and structural similarity index(SSIM), respectively, compared with mainstream interpolation-based and deep learning-based image SR algorithms, which fully proves the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed algorithms.

Medical image super-resolution method based on dense blended attention network

In order to address the issue that medical image would suffer from severe blurring caused by the lack of high-frequency details in the process of image super-resolution reconstruction, a novel medical image super-resolution method based on dense neural network and blended attention mechanism is proposed. The proposed method adds blended attention blocks to dense neural network(DenseNet), so that the neural network can concentrate more attention to the regions and channels with sufficient high-frequency details. Batch normalization layers are removed to avoid loss of high-frequency texture details. Final obtained high resolution medical image are obtained using deconvolutional layers at the very end of the network as up-sampling operators. Experimental results show that the proposed method has an improvement of 0.05db to 11.25dB and 0.6% to 14.04% on the peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR) metric and structural similarity index(SSIM) metric, respectively, compared with the mainstream image super-resolution methods. This work provides a new idea for theoretical studies of medical image super-resolution reconstruction.

Vehicle Speed Prediction using Deep Learning

Global optimization of the energy consumption of dual power source vehicles such as hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and plug in fuel cell electric vehicles requires knowledge of the complete route characteristics at the beginning of the trip. One of the main characteristics is the vehicle speed profile across the route. The profile will translate directly into energy requirements for a given vehicle. However, the vehicle speed that a given driver chooses will vary from driver to driver and from time to time, and may be slower, equal to, or faster than the average traffic flow. If the specific driver speed profile can be predicted, the energy usage can be optimized across the route chosen. The purpose of this paper is to research the application of Deep Learning techniques to this problem to identify at the beginning of a drive cycle the driver specific vehicle speed profile for an individual driver repeated drive cycle, which can be used in an optimization algorithm to minimize the amount of fossil fuel energy used during the trip.