Caries DETR: Tooth Structure-aware Prior and Lesion-aware Dynamic Loss Refinement for DETR Based Caries Detection

As dental caries appear as subtle, low-contrast lesions in intraoral imaging, existing deep learning models face significant challenges in the early detection of caries. While recent Transformer-based detectors have shown promising results in natural images, they often fail to capture the domain-specific anatomical priors crucial for dental caries detection. In this paper, we propose Caries-DETR, a specialized Transformer framework for caries detection in intraoral images. A Tooth Structure-aware Query Initialization (TSQI) is designed, leveraging large-scale intraoral photograph pre-training and a structure perception branch (SPB) to integrate high-frequency structural priors, guiding the model to focus on anatomically significant lesion areas. Furthermore, we design a Lesion-aware Dynamic Loss Refinement (LDLR) to implement quality-driven hard mining through adaptive loss reweighting based on lesion size, anatomical relevance, and prediction quality, optimizing detection for subtle lesions. Extensive experiments on two public datasets (i.e., AlphaDent and DentalAI) demonstrate that Caries-DETR achieves a state-of-the-art performance compared to existing methods and exhibits good generalization and robustness. Code and data at https://github.com/XuefenLiu-SZU/Caries-DETR}{https://github.com/XuefenLiu-SZU/Caries-DETR.

Text-Guided Multimodal Unified Industrial Anomaly Detection

Industrial anomaly detection based on RGB-3D multimodal data has emerged as a mainstream paradigm for intelligent quality inspection. However, existing unsupervised methods suffer from two critical limitations: ambiguous cross-modal alignment caused by the lack of high-level semantic guidance and insufficient geometric modeling for RGB-to-3D feature mapping. To address these issues, we propose a unified multimodal industrial anomaly detection framework guided by text semantics. The framework consists of two core modules: a Geometry-Aware Cross-Modal Mapper to preserve geometric structure during modality conversion, and an Object-Conditioned Textual Feature Adaptor to align multimodal features with semantic priors. Furthermore, we establish a unified learning paradigm for multimodal industrial anomaly detection, which breaks the one-model-one-class constraint and enables accurate anomaly detection across diverse classes using a single model. Extensive experiments on the MVTec 3D-AD and Eyecandies datasets demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance in classification and localization under unsupervised settings.

SurgCoT: Advancing Spatiotemporal Reasoning in Surgical Videos through a Chain-of-Thought Benchmark

Fine-grained spatiotemporal reasoning on surgical videos is critical, yet the capabilities of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) in this domain remain largely unexplored. To bridge this gap, we introduce SurgCoT, a unified benchmark for evaluating chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning in MLLMs across 7 surgical specialties and 35 diverse procedures. SurgCoT assesses five core reasoning dimensions: Causal Action Ordering, Cue-Action Alignment, Affordance Mapping, Micro-Transition Localization, and Anomaly Onset Tracking, through a structured CoT framework with an intensive annotation protocol (Question-Option-Knowledge-Clue-Answer), where the Knowledge field provides essential background context and Clue provides definitive spatiotemporal evidence. Evaluation of 10 leading MLLMs shows: 1) commercial models outperform open-source and medical-specialized variants; 2) significant gaps exist in surgical CoT reasoning; 3) SurgCoT enables effective evaluation and enhances progressive spatiotemporal reasoning. SurgCoT provides a reproducible testbed to narrow the gap between MLLM capabilities and clinical reasoning demands. Code: https://github.com/CVI-SZU/SurgCoT.

X-PCR: A Benchmark for Cross-modality Progressive Clinical Reasoning in Ophthalmic Diagnosis

Despite significant progress in Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), their clinical reasoning capacity for multi-modal diagnosis remains largely unexamined. Current benchmarks, mostly single-modality data, can't evaluate progressive reasoning and cross-modal integration essential for clinical practice. We introduce the Cross-Modality Progressive Clinical Reasoning (X-PCR) benchmark, the first comprehensive evaluation of MLLMs through a complete ophthalmology diagnostic workflow, with two reasoning tasks: 1) a six-stage progressive reasoning chain spanning image quality assessment to clinical decision-making, and 2) a cross-modality reasoning task integrating six imaging modalities. The benchmark comprises 26,415 images and 177,868 expert-verified VQA pairs curated from 51 public datasets, covering 52 ophthalmic diseases. Evaluation of 21 MLLMs reveals critical gaps in progressive reasoning and cross-modal integration. Dataset and code: https://github.com/CVI-SZU/X-PCR.

DIRCR: Dual-Inference Rule-Contrastive Reasoning for Solving RAVENs

Abstract visual reasoning remains challenging as existing methods often prioritize either global context or local row-wise relations, failing to integrate both, and lack intermediate feature constraints, leading to incomplete rule capture and entangled representations. To address these issues, we propose the Dual-Inference Rule-Contrastive Reasoning (DIRCR) model. Its core component, the Dual-Inference Reasoning Module, combines a local path for row-wise analogical reasoning and a global path for holistic inference, integrated via a gated attention mechanism. Additionally, a Rule-Contrastive Learning Module introduces pseudo-labels to construct positive and negative rule samples, applying contrastive learning to enhance feature separability and promote abstract, transferable rule learning. Experimental results on three RAVEN datasets demonstrate that DIRCR significantly enhances reasoning robustness and generalization. Codes are available at https://github.com/csZack-Zhang/DIRCR.

KoCo: Conditioning Language Model Pre-training on Knowledge Coordinates

Standard Large Language Model (LLM) pre-training typically treats corpora as flattened token sequences, often overlooking the real-world context that humans naturally rely on to contextualize information. To bridge this gap, we introduce Knowledge Coordinate Conditioning (KoCo), a simple method that maps every document into a three-dimensional semantic coordinate. By prepending these coordinates as textual prefixes for pre-training, we aim to equip the model with explicit contextual awareness to learn the documents within the real-world knowledge structure. Experiment results demonstrate that KoCo significantly enhances performance across 10 downstream tasks and accelerates pre-training convergence by approximately 30\%. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that explicitly modeling knowledge coordinates helps the model distinguish stable facts from noise, effectively mitigating hallucination in generated outputs.

Text-Conditioned Multi-Expert Regression Framework for Fully Automated Multi-Abutment Design

Dental implant abutments serve as the geometric and biomechanical interface between the implant fixture and the prosthetic crown, yet their design relies heavily on manual effort and is time-consuming. Although deep neural networks have been proposed to assist dentists in designing abutments, most existing approaches remain largely manual or semi-automated, requiring substantial clinician intervention and lacking scalability in multi-abutment scenarios. To address these limitations, we propose TEMAD, a fully automated, text-conditioned multi-expert architecture for multi-abutment design. This framework integrates implant site localization and implant system, compatible abutment parameter regression into a unified pipeline. Specifically, we introduce an Implant Site Identification Network (ISIN) to automatically localize implant sites and provide this information to the subsequent multi-abutment regression network. We further design a Tooth-Conditioned Feature-wise Linear Modulation (TC-FiLM) module, which adaptively calibrates mesh representations using tooth embeddings to enable position-specific feature modulation. Additionally, a System-Prompted Mixture-of-Experts (SPMoE) mechanism leverages implant system prompts to guide expert selection, ensuring system-aware regression. Extensive experiments on a large-scale abutment design dataset show that TEMAD achieves state-of-the-art performance compared to existing methods, particularly in multi-abutment settings, validating its effectiveness for fully automated dental implant planning.

GazeCLIP: Gaze-Guided CLIP with Adaptive-Enhanced Fine-Grained Language Prompt for Deepfake Attribution and Detection

Current deepfake attribution or deepfake detection works tend to exhibit poor generalization to novel generative methods due to the limited exploration in visual modalities alone. They tend to assess the attribution or detection performance of models on unseen advanced generators, coarsely, and fail to consider the synergy of the two tasks. To this end, we propose a novel gaze-guided CLIP with adaptive-enhanced fine-grained language prompts for fine-grained deepfake attribution and detection (DFAD). Specifically, we conduct a novel and fine-grained benchmark to evaluate the DFAD performance of networks on novel generators like diffusion and flow models. Additionally, we introduce a gaze-aware model based on CLIP, which is devised to enhance the generalization to unseen face forgery attacks. Built upon the novel observation that there are significant distribution differences between pristine and forged gaze vectors, and the preservation of the target gaze in facial images generated by GAN and diffusion varies significantly, we design a visual perception encoder to employ the inherent gaze differences to mine global forgery embeddings across appearance and gaze domains. We propose a gaze-aware image encoder (GIE) that fuses forgery gaze prompts extracted via a gaze encoder with common forged image embeddings to capture general attribution patterns, allowing features to be transformed into a more stable and common DFAD feature space. We build a language refinement encoder (LRE) to generate dynamically enhanced language embeddings via an adaptive-enhanced word selector for precise vision-language matching. Extensive experiments on our benchmark show that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art by 6.56% ACC and 5.32% AUC in average performance under the attribution and detection settings, respectively. Codes will be available on GitHub.

DinoDental: Benchmarking DINOv3 as a Unified Vision Encoder for Dental Image Analysis

The scarcity and high cost of expert annotations in dental imaging present a significant challenge for the development of AI in dentistry. DINOv3, a state-of-the-art, self-supervised vision foundation model pre-trained on 1.7 billion images, offers a promising pathway to mitigate this issue. However, its reliability when transferred to the dental domain, with its unique imaging characteristics and clinical subtleties, remains unclear. To address this, we introduce DinoDental, a unified benchmark designed to systematically evaluate whether DINOv3 can serve as a reliable, off-the-shelf encoder for comprehensive dental image analysis without requiring domain-specific pre-training. Constructed from multiple public datasets, DinoDental covers a wide range of tasks, including classification, detection, and instance segmentation on both panoramic radiographs and intraoral photographs. We further analyze the model's transfer performance by scaling its size and input resolution, and by comparing different adaptation strategies, including frozen features, full fine-tuning, and the parameter-efficient Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) method. Our experiments show that DINOv3 can serve as a strong unified encoder for dental image analysis across both panoramic radiographs and intraoral photographs, remaining competitive across tasks while showing particularly clear advantages for intraoral image understanding and boundary-sensitive dense prediction. Collectively, DinoDental provides a systematic framework for comprehensively evaluating DINOv3 in dental analysis, establishing a foundational benchmark to guide efficient and effective model selection and adaptation for the dental AI community.

ReactMotion: Generating Reactive Listener Motions from Speaker Utterance

In this paper, we introduce a new task, Reactive Listener Motion Generation from Speaker Utterance, which aims to generate naturalistic listener body motions that appropriately respond to a speaker's utterance. However, modeling such nonverbal listener behaviors remains underexplored and challenging due to the inherently non-deterministic nature of human reactions. To facilitate this task, we present ReactMotionNet, a large-scale dataset that pairs speaker utterances with multiple candidate listener motions annotated with varying degrees of appropriateness. This dataset design explicitly captures the one-to-many nature of listener behavior and provides supervision beyond a single ground-truth motion. Building on this dataset design, we develop preference-oriented evaluation protocols tailored to evaluate reactive appropriateness, where conventional motion metrics focusing on input-motion alignment ignore. We further propose ReactMotion, a unified generative framework that jointly models text, audio, emotion, and motion, and is trained with preference-based objectives to encourage both appropriate and diverse listener responses. Extensive experiments show that ReactMotion outperforms retrieval baselines and cascaded LLM-based pipelines, generating more natural, diverse, and appropriate listener motions.