Local Compressed Video Stream Learning for Generic Event Boundary Detection

Generic event boundary detection aims to localize the generic, taxonomy-free event boundaries that segment videos into chunks. Existing methods typically require video frames to be decoded before feeding into the network, which contains significant spatio-temporal redundancy and demands considerable computational power and storage space. To remedy these issues, we propose a novel compressed video representation learning method for event boundary detection that is fully end-to-end leveraging rich information in the compressed domain, i.e., RGB, motion vectors, residuals, and the internal group of pictures (GOP) structure, without fully decoding the video. Specifically, we use lightweight ConvNets to extract features of the P-frames in the GOPs and spatial-channel attention module (SCAM) is designed to refine the feature representations of the P-frames based on the compressed information with bidirectional information flow. To learn a suitable representation for boundary detection, we construct the local frames bag for each candidate frame and use the long short-term memory (LSTM) module to capture temporal relationships. We then compute frame differences with group similarities in the temporal domain. This module is only applied within a local window, which is critical for event boundary detection. Finally a simple classifier is used to determine the event boundaries of video sequences based on the learned feature representation. To remedy the ambiguities of annotations and speed up the training process, we use the Gaussian kernel to preprocess the ground-truth event boundaries. Extensive experiments conducted on the Kinetics-GEBD and TAPOS datasets demonstrate that the proposed method achieves considerable improvements compared to previous end-to-end approach while running at the same speed. The code is available at https://github.com/GX77/LCVSL.

Accurate and Fast Compressed Video Captioning

Existing video captioning approaches typically require to first sample video frames from a decoded video and then conduct a subsequent process (e.g., feature extraction and/or captioning model learning). In this pipeline, manual frame sampling may ignore key information in videos and thus degrade performance. Additionally, redundant information in the sampled frames may result in low efficiency in the inference of video captioning. Addressing this, we study video captioning from a different perspective in compressed domain, which brings multi-fold advantages over the existing pipeline: 1) Compared to raw images from the decoded video, the compressed video, consisting of I-frames, motion vectors and residuals, is highly distinguishable, which allows us to leverage the entire video for learning without manual sampling through a specialized model design; 2) The captioning model is more efficient in inference as smaller and less redundant information is processed. We propose a simple yet effective end-to-end transformer in the compressed domain for video captioning that enables learning from the compressed video for captioning. We show that even with a simple design, our method can achieve state-of-the-art performance on different benchmarks while running almost 2x faster than existing approaches. Code is available at https://github.com/acherstyx/CoCap.

Collaborative Three-Stream Transformers for Video Captioning

As the most critical components in a sentence, subject, predicate and object require special attention in the video captioning task. To implement this idea, we design a novel framework, named COllaborative three-Stream Transformers (COST), to model the three parts separately and complement each other for better representation. Specifically, COST is formed by three branches of transformers to exploit the visual-linguistic interactions of different granularities in spatial-temporal domain between videos and text, detected objects and text, and actions and text. Meanwhile, we propose a cross-granularity attention module to align the interactions modeled by the three branches of transformers, then the three branches of transformers can support each other to exploit the most discriminative semantic information of different granularities for accurate predictions of captions. The whole model is trained in an end-to-end fashion. Extensive experiments conducted on three large-scale challenging datasets, i.e., YouCookII, ActivityNet Captions and MSVD, demonstrate that the proposed method performs favorably against the state-of-the-art methods.

Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Detection with Network Stability Analysis

Domain adaptive detection aims to improve the generality of a detector, learned from the labeled source domain, on the unlabeled target domain. In this work, drawing inspiration from the concept of stability from the control theory that a robust system requires to remain consistent both externally and internally regardless of disturbances, we propose a novel framework that achieves unsupervised domain adaptive detection through stability analysis. In specific, we treat discrepancies between images and regions from different domains as disturbances, and introduce a novel simple but effective Network Stability Analysis (NSA) framework that considers various disturbances for domain adaptation. Particularly, we explore three types of perturbations including heavy and light image-level disturbances and instancelevel disturbance. For each type, NSA performs external consistency analysis on the outputs from raw and perturbed images and/or internal consistency analysis on their features, using teacher-student models. By integrating NSA into Faster R-CNN, we immediately achieve state-of-the-art results. In particular, we set a new record of 52.7% mAP on Cityscapes-to-FoggyCityscapes, showing the potential of NSA for domain adaptive detection. It is worth noticing, our NSA is designed for general purpose, and thus applicable to one-stage detection model (e.g., FCOS) besides the adopted one, as shown by experiments. https://github.com/tiankongzhang/NSA.

AttMOT: Improving Multiple-Object Tracking by Introducing Auxiliary Pedestrian Attributes

Multi-object tracking (MOT) is a fundamental problem in computer vision with numerous applications, such as intelligent surveillance and automated driving. Despite the significant progress made in MOT, pedestrian attributes, such as gender, hairstyle, body shape, and clothing features, which contain rich and high-level information, have been less explored. To address this gap, we propose a simple, effective, and generic method to predict pedestrian attributes to support general Re-ID embedding. We first introduce AttMOT, a large, highly enriched synthetic dataset for pedestrian tracking, containing over 80k frames and 6 million pedestrian IDs with different time, weather conditions, and scenarios. To the best of our knowledge, AttMOT is the first MOT dataset with semantic attributes. Subsequently, we explore different approaches to fuse Re-ID embedding and pedestrian attributes, including attention mechanisms, which we hope will stimulate the development of attribute-assisted MOT. The proposed method AAM demonstrates its effectiveness and generality on several representative pedestrian multi-object tracking benchmarks, including MOT17 and MOT20, through experiments on the AttMOT dataset. When applied to state-of-the-art trackers, AAM achieves consistent improvements in MOTA, HOTA, AssA, IDs, and IDF1 scores. For instance, on MOT17, the proposed method yields a +1.1 MOTA, +1.7 HOTA, and +1.8 IDF1 improvement when used with FairMOT. To encourage further research on attribute-assisted MOT, we will release the AttMOT dataset.

Deficiency-Aware Masked Transformer for Video Inpainting

Recent video inpainting methods have made remarkable progress by utilizing explicit guidance, such as optical flow, to propagate cross-frame pixels. However, there are cases where cross-frame recurrence of the masked video is not available, resulting in a deficiency. In such situation, instead of borrowing pixels from other frames, the focus of the model shifts towards addressing the inverse problem. In this paper, we introduce a dual-modality-compatible inpainting framework called Deficiency-aware Masked Transformer (DMT), which offers three key advantages. Firstly, we pretrain a image inpainting model DMT_img serve as a prior for distilling the video model DMT_vid, thereby benefiting the hallucination of deficiency cases. Secondly, the self-attention module selectively incorporates spatiotemporal tokens to accelerate inference and remove noise signals. Thirdly, a simple yet effective Receptive Field Contextualizer is integrated into DMT, further improving performance. Extensive experiments conducted on YouTube-VOS and DAVIS datasets demonstrate that DMT_vid significantly outperforms previous solutions. The code and video demonstrations can be found at github.com/yeates/DMT.

MaGIC: Multi-modality Guided Image Completion

The vanilla image completion approaches are sensitive to the large missing regions due to limited available reference information for plausible generation. To mitigate this, existing methods incorporate the extra cue as a guidance for image completion. Despite improvements, these approaches are often restricted to employing a single modality (e.g., segmentation or sketch maps), which lacks scalability in leveraging multi-modality for more plausible completion. In this paper, we propose a novel, simple yet effective method for Multi-modal Guided Image Completion, dubbed MaGIC, which not only supports a wide range of single modality as the guidance (e.g., text, canny edge, sketch, segmentation, reference image, depth, and pose), but also adapts to arbitrarily customized combination of these modalities (i.e., arbitrary multi-modality) for image completion. For building MaGIC, we first introduce a modality-specific conditional U-Net (MCU-Net) that injects single-modal signal into a U-Net denoiser for single-modal guided image completion. Then, we devise a consistent modality blending (CMB) method to leverage modality signals encoded in multiple learned MCU-Nets through gradient guidance in latent space. Our CMB is training-free, and hence avoids the cumbersome joint re-training of different modalities, which is the secret of MaGIC to achieve exceptional flexibility in accommodating new modalities for completion. Experiments show the superiority of MaGIC over state-of-arts and its generalization to various completion tasks including in/out-painting and local editing. Our project with code and models is available at yeates.github.io/MaGIC-Page/.

Two Birds, One Stone: A Unified Framework for Joint Learning of Image and Video Style Transfers

Current arbitrary style transfer models are limited to either image or video domains. In order to achieve satisfying image and video style transfers, two different models are inevitably required with separate training processes on image and video domains, respectively. In this paper, we show that this can be precluded by introducing UniST, a Unified Style Transfer framework for both images and videos. At the core of UniST is a domain interaction transformer (DIT), which first explores context information within the specific domain and then interacts contextualized domain information for joint learning. In particular, DIT enables exploration of temporal information from videos for the image style transfer task and meanwhile allows rich appearance texture from images for video style transfer, thus leading to mutual benefits. Considering heavy computation of traditional multi-head self-attention, we present a simple yet effective axial multi-head self-attention (AMSA) for DIT, which improves computational efficiency while maintains style transfer performance. To verify the effectiveness of UniST, we conduct extensive experiments on both image and video style transfer tasks and show that UniST performs favorably against state-of-the-art approaches on both tasks. Our code and results will be released.

Text with Knowledge Graph Augmented Transformer for Video Captioning

Video captioning aims to describe the content of videos using natural language. Although significant progress has been made, there is still much room to improve the performance for real-world applications, mainly due to the long-tail words challenge. In this paper, we propose a text with knowledge graph augmented transformer (TextKG) for video captioning. Notably, TextKG is a two-stream transformer, formed by the external stream and internal stream. The external stream is designed to absorb additional knowledge, which models the interactions between the additional knowledge, e.g., pre-built knowledge graph, and the built-in information of videos, e.g., the salient object regions, speech transcripts, and video captions, to mitigate the long-tail words challenge. Meanwhile, the internal stream is designed to exploit the multi-modality information in videos (e.g., the appearance of video frames, speech transcripts, and video captions) to ensure the quality of caption results. In addition, the cross attention mechanism is also used in between the two streams for sharing information. In this way, the two streams can help each other for more accurate results. Extensive experiments conducted on four challenging video captioning datasets, i.e., YouCookII, ActivityNet Captions, MSRVTT, and MSVD, demonstrate that the proposed method performs favorably against the state-of-the-art methods. Specifically, the proposed TextKG method outperforms the best published results by improving 18.7% absolute CIDEr scores on the YouCookII dataset.

PlanarTrack: A Large-scale Challenging Benchmark for Planar Object Tracking

Planar object tracking is a critical computer vision problem and has drawn increasing interest owing to its key roles in robotics, augmented reality, etc. Despite rapid progress, its further development, especially in the deep learning era, is largely hindered due to the lack of large-scale challenging benchmarks. Addressing this, we introduce PlanarTrack, a large-scale challenging planar tracking benchmark. Specifically, PlanarTrack consists of 1,000 videos with more than 490K images. All these videos are collected in complex unconstrained scenarios from the wild, which makes PlanarTrack, compared with existing benchmarks, more challenging but realistic for real-world applications. To ensure the high-quality annotation, each frame in PlanarTrack is manually labeled using four corners with multiple-round careful inspection and refinement. To our best knowledge, PlanarTrack, to date, is the largest and most challenging dataset dedicated to planar object tracking. In order to analyze the proposed PlanarTrack, we evaluate 10 planar trackers and conduct comprehensive comparisons and in-depth analysis. Our results, not surprisingly, demonstrate that current top-performing planar trackers degenerate significantly on the challenging PlanarTrack and more efforts are needed to improve planar tracking in the future. In addition, we further derive a variant named PlanarTrack$_{\mathbf{BB}}$ for generic object tracking from PlanarTrack. Our evaluation of 10 excellent generic trackers on PlanarTrack$_{\mathrm{BB}}$ manifests that, surprisingly, PlanarTrack$_{\mathrm{BB}}$ is even more challenging than several popular generic tracking benchmarks and more attention should be paid to handle such planar objects, though they are rigid. All benchmarks and evaluations will be released at the project webpage.