MARCO: Click-Intent Decomposition for Calibrated Ads Conversion Prediction

Not all clicks are equal. Industrial ads ranking decouples conversion probability into click-through rate (CTR) and post-click conversion rate (CVR), yet treats every click as the same event. In reality, users provide a free, self-generated signal of intent through their physical UI interactions. Different click types on the same ad exhibit a 4-fold difference in actual conversion rates. By conflating these signals, the standard CVR model under-predicts high-intent clicks and over-predicts low-intent ones, which is a bias masked by near-perfect aggregate calibration. We propose MARCO (Multi-intent Ads Ranking Composition Optimization), a framework that resolves this bias by decomposing each click by intent. Using the logged click type as a free behavioral label, MARCO trains per-intent CVR heads on homogeneous populations, and at serving time composes their per-intent CVR estimates under a predicted distribution over intents. Theoretically, we prove that decomposition never raises population risk, give the exact headroom under squared loss and non-negativity under the deployed loss, and show through a routing-efficiency dial how much of it reaches serving. Because the population-optimal score is unchanged, any gain is a finite-capacity estimation and calibration effect that we validated both offline and online. For deployment at scale, we further cast multi-impression, multi-click attribution as credit assignment with a bias-variance tradeoff analogous to RL return estimation, showing last-impression, first-click attribution is the low-bias, low-variance, deterministic choice under production constraints, and derive three consistency conditions enforced end-to-end at scale. Deployed at binary intent granularity, MARCO corrects per-intent calibration to approximately 100%, lifts conversions per click by +2.80%, and drives +0.98% cumulative improvement in topline metrics.

MADBench: A Benchmark for Modality-Aware Audio Deepfake Detection

Recent advances in speech synthesis and audio generation have made high-fidelity acoustic forgery low-cost and difficult to attribute, enabling a realistic attack scenario in which speech and background audio are independently manipulated over otherwise authentic video. Yet existing research either focuses on visual manipulation, addresses speech detection in isolation, or conflates speech and non-speech audio as a single undifferentiated audio stream, overlooking the distinct forensic challenges posed by background audio. This conflation is consequential: the two acoustic components arise from fundamentally different generative mechanisms, exhibit distinct artifact profiles, and pose different challenges to detection systems. We introduce MADBench, the first benchmark that treats speech and environmental audio as distinct acoustic components, enabling component-aware evaluation of audio deepfake detection across independently manipulated forgery sources. We benchmark representative state-of-the-art detectors and multimodal large language models under a unified protocol. Our experiments reveal that environmental audio manipulation is more detectable than synthetic speech across general-purpose encoders, while existing pretrained detectors fail on both acoustic components, and manipulated environmental audio asymmetrically degrades speech deepfake detection, findings entirely invisible under the single-label paradigm of prior benchmarks. MADBench establishes a rigorous foundation for future research into robust, component-aware audio deepfake detection.

URNet: A Unified Reparameterized Network for Efficient RGB-D Semantic Segmentation

Previous RGB-D semantic segmentation methods commonly employ dual encoders to separately process RGB and depth inputs, followed by dedicated modules for cross-modal feature fusion. However, such designs often inadequately capture depth representations and consequently limit effective cross-modal interaction, while the additional encoder branch introduces redundant computation that hinders lightweight execution. To tackle these challenges, we propose URNet, a Unified Reparameterized RGB-D Network that performs simultaneous multi-modal feature extraction and cross-modal fusion within a single encoder. Specifically, we adopt a reparameterization strategy to compact the network architecture and facilitate fast inference. Within each Reparameterized Block (RepBlock), a Linear Gated Attention (LGA) module is introduced to fully exploit complementary RGB and depth cues across different feature scales. Furthermore, considering that decoder design has been relatively underexplored in existing RGB-D segmentation models, we develop a concise yet effective universal decoder, termed the Pyramid Merging Decoder (PMD). Extensive experiments on multiple RGB-D segmentation benchmarks demonstrate that URNet achieves state-of-the-art performance while maintaining high efficiency. Code will be available at https://github.com/Wild-Stephen/URNet.

Wrong Design Intent Is Worse Than None: A Derangement-Control Diagnosis of Header Conditioning in CAD Program Completion

Fine-tuned code LLMs can be conditioned on a lightweight design-intent header to steer parametric CAD generation, but whether the model actually reads the header's content has not been tested under a metric independent of the conditioning itself, nor with a causal control. We study CADCON, a five-feature design-intent header prepended to CadQuery-style sketch-extrude programs during LoRA fine-tuning of Qwen2.5-Coder-1.5B, re-scored by executable geometric assertions on the produced B-rep solid, sharing no code with the header-defining regex extractor. Across three seeds and a pre-registered {0%, 40%}-prefix $\times$ {correct, wrong, masked}-header matrix we find: (i) in conditional completion (40% prefix), a semantically wrong header degrades adherence below the no-header baseline (0.43 $\to$ 0.30/0.21 text/token) on design intents the model can render unconditioned -- polygonal and thin geometries; circle and tall intents sit at a baseline generation floor for this checkpoint ($\approx$0 in both compared arms) and are uninformative for this contrast; (ii) a derangement control -- retrained with shuffled ground-truth headers, identical header marginal but destroyed content correlation -- remains competent yet is immune to wrong headers, while the standard model is not (text headers; interaction significant on 3/3 seeds, p $\leq$ $4.2\times10^{-3}$): the harm requires the learned header$\to$program mapping, excluding the marginal/mechanical distribution-shift confound; (iii) the independent metric deflates the apparent benefit of a correct header (token: +0.21 regex $\to$ +0.02 geometry), quantifying metric circularity; (iv) the harm is regime-specific -- at 0% prefix the unconditioned baseline cannot generate valid CAD at all. Wrong intent is not noise: it actively misdirects generation.

LIDAR-AD: A Decoder-Free Latent-Interaction Dreamer with Action-Residual Chains for Autonomous Driving

Autonomous driving requires long-horizon closedloop decision making in dynamic traffic environments. Latent world models offer an effective framework for this problem by enabling imagination-based decision making in compact latent spaces. However, multi-source observations contain controlirrelevant redundancy, whereas reliable driving decisions rely on risk-relevant relations, future dynamics, and continuous action adjustments. This mismatch makes observation reconstruction and absolute action modeling suboptimal for learning decisionrelevant latent dynamics. We propose LIDAR-AD, a decoderfree Latent-Interaction Dreamer with Action-Residual Chains for autonomous driving. LIDAR-AD replaces observation reconstruction with redundancy-reduced latent alignment, encouraging compact representations of risk-relevant relations in multi-source driving inputs. It further models vehicle control as residual action updates and uses residual-action sequence contrastive learning to align multi-step residual-driven rollouts with future latent states. A deterministic analysis shows that the latent-tanh residual parameterization preserves interior action reachability while representing smooth long-horizon control as compact local updates. Together, these designs improve risk-aware state abstraction, continuous-control modeling, and long-horizon dynamics prediction. Extensive experiments across diverse simulated driving scenarios demonstrate that LIDAR-AD consistently outperforms world-model baselines, achieving the highest reward and the best success rate among learning-based methods. Evaluations on nuPlan-derived log-reconstructed scenarios further demonstrate the transferability of LIDAR-AD under real-world traffic layouts.

QuaSR: Quality-Aware Sample Reweighting for Pacific Indigenous Speech Recognition

Training automatic speech recognition (ASR) models for low-resource languages is challenging due to limited data and highly variable supervision quality. In particular, Pacific Indigenous speech corpora often exhibit heterogeneous acoustic conditions, transcript inconsistencies, and varying degrees of acoustic-text alignment reliability, making standard fine-tuning approaches sensitive to noisy or misleading supervision signals. In this work, we propose QuaSR, a simple yet effective weighting framework that combines data-side reliability with model-side learnability to improve ASR adaptation. Specifically, we estimate data reliability from acoustic, transcription, and alignment, while measuring learnability using training loss from the model. These two complementary signals are integrated into a unified sample utility score to produce training weights for the samples. We also evaluated across four Pacific Indigenous languages, which shows that the proposed utility scores reliably correlate with adaptation performance. Furthermore, QuaSR consistently improves ASR adaptation over standard fine-tuning and alternative data selection strategies, highlighting a new way to leverage difficulty scores for low-resource speech learning.

ActiveVital: Geometry-Aware Embodied Vital Signs Monitoring for Home Healthcare Robots

Home robots require reliable vital signs monitoring to support long-term companionship and safety in daily environments, yet obtaining respiration and heart rate without physical contact remains challenging in unconstrained home settings. Millimeter-wave (mmWave) radar offers a promising solution due to its phase sensitivity to sub-millimeter motions. However, mmWave measurements are fundamentally constrained by observation geometry, since only the radial component of motion is observable. Consequently, arbitrary robot-human orientations often introduce angular misalignment that destabilizes vital signs estimation. To address this limitation, we reformulate vital signs monitoring from passive signal recovery to active geometric regulation. We propose ActiveVital, a vision-guided sensing framework that treats sensing geometry as an explicit control variable for robots. It localizes the chest anchor via visual keypoints and converts alignment errors into control commands. This steers the robot-mounted radar toward near-normal incidence to the thoracic surface, maximizing radial observability within a perception-action loop. A differential phase enhancement module further stabilizes signal extraction under motion. Experiments show that ActiveVital reduces respiration interval error from 0.87 s to 0.14 s and heart rate error from 13.59 bpm to 2.22 bpm, achieving accuracy comparable to controlled static sensing while remaining robust under unconstrained robot-human configurations.

GIVE: Grounding Human Gestures in Vision-Language-Action Models

Human communication is inherently multimodal, where language is often accompanied by non-verbal cues such as gestures to convey intentions. However, current Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models treat robotic manipulation as a pure text-driven task, overlooking the important role of gestures in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). This often leads to inaccurate intent grounding and unreliable manipulation when language instructions are ambiguous or underspecified. To address this challenge, we propose GIVE (Gesture Intent via Visual-Semantic Enhancement), an effective approach that enhances pre-trained VLA models with human gesture understanding without architectural modifications. Specifically, GIVE incorporates gesture information through two complementary pathways: a visual pathway that overlays hand skeletons and fingertip rays onto robot observations for explicit object grounding, and a semantic pathway that generates high-level descriptions of human gestures and task instructions for robust intent grounding. By jointly leveraging visual and semantic guidance, GIVE enables VLA policies to better associate gestures with manipulation behaviors and adapt to dynamic interaction intents. In real-world HRI experiments, GIVE substantially outperforms the baseline, improving target object recognition accuracy by 40% and overall task success rate by 80%, while demonstrating strong robustness and generalization to unseen spatial layouts and diverse participants.

RAIL: Rethinking Auditory Intelligence in Large Audio-Language Models with a CHC-Grounded Benchmark

Humans process rich auditory environments through tightly integrated cognitive capabilities such as audio perception, audio reasoning, and memory. Despite recent progress in large audio-language models (LALMs) across speech understanding and multimodal audio reasoning, current evaluation paradigms remain largely task- or modality-centric, focusing on end performance while overlooking underlying auditory cognitive behaviours. This reveals a fundamental gap between how auditory cognition is understood in humans and how it is evaluated in LALMs, particularly in the lack of frameworks that operationalise cognitive principles beyond task-level metrics to systematically capture model behaviour. In this work, we introduce RAIL, a human-centric evaluation paradigm grounded in the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) cognitive framework. RAIL formalises auditory cognition into five core capabilities and develop them into structured evaluation tasks that probe how models process, retain, and integrate auditory information. We further construct a cognitively grounded benchmark with principled data curation and human-aligned evaluation protocols. Evaluating 26 state-of-the-art LALMs, we find that current models exhibit highly uneven performance across cognitive abilities. RAIL establishes a new evaluation paradigm that moves beyond task-centric benchmarking toward cognitively grounded assessment of auditory intelligence.

Titans-as-a-Layer: Test-Time Memory for Conversational Speech Emotion Recognition

Speech emotion recognition (SER) is commonly formulated as utterance-level classification, although conversational emotion depends on a speaker's usual vocal range and the emotional context established by previous utterances. Speech-language models provide strong pretrained acoustic and semantic representations, and can adapts them to SER labels via finetune, but this mechanism still missing per-dialogue state. We study whether test-time neural memory can supply this missing context while leaving the large audio language models (LALMs) backbone intact. Building on Titans, we introduce a plug-and-play Memory-as-a-Layer (MAL) adapter that writes dialogue history into a small neural memory and reads it back as an audio-token-aligned residual update, avoiding changes to the host model's token positions. Across different audio LLMs and emotion recognition datasets evaluations, our design improves SER performs across different evaluation metrics, supporting test-time memory as a residual contextual mechanism for conversational SER.