What Linguistic Features and Languages are Important in LLM Translation?

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong capability across multiple tasks, including machine translation. Our study focuses on evaluating Llama2's machine translation capabilities and exploring how translation depends on languages in its training data. Our experiments show that the 7B Llama2 model yields above 10 BLEU score for all languages it has seen, but not always for languages it has not seen. Most gains for those unseen languages are observed the most with the model scale compared to using chat versions or adding shot count. Furthermore, our linguistic distance analysis reveals that syntactic similarity is not always the primary linguistic factor in determining translation quality. Interestingly, we discovered that under specific circumstances, some languages, despite having significantly less training data than English, exhibit strong correlations comparable to English. Our discoveries here give new perspectives for the current landscape of LLMs, raising the possibility that LLMs centered around languages other than English may offer a more effective foundation for a multilingual model.

Replicable Benchmarking of Neural Machine Translation (NMT) on Low-Resource Local Languages in Indonesia

Neural machine translation (NMT) for low-resource local languages in Indonesia faces significant challenges, including the need for a representative benchmark and limited data availability. This work addresses these challenges by comprehensively analyzing training NMT systems for four low-resource local languages in Indonesia: Javanese, Sundanese, Minangkabau, and Balinese. Our study encompasses various training approaches, paradigms, data sizes, and a preliminary study into using large language models for synthetic low-resource languages parallel data generation. We reveal specific trends and insights into practical strategies for low-resource language translation. Our research demonstrates that despite limited computational resources and textual data, several of our NMT systems achieve competitive performances, rivaling the translation quality of zero-shot gpt-3.5-turbo. These findings significantly advance NMT for low-resource languages, offering valuable guidance for researchers in similar contexts.

NusaCrowd: Open Source Initiative for Indonesian NLP Resources

We present NusaCrowd, a collaborative initiative to collect and unite existing resources for Indonesian languages, including opening access to previously non-public resources. Through this initiative, we have has brought together 137 datasets and 117 standardized data loaders. The quality of the datasets has been assessed manually and automatically, and their effectiveness has been demonstrated in multiple experiments. NusaCrowd's data collection enables the creation of the first zero-shot benchmarks for natural language understanding and generation in Indonesian and its local languages. Furthermore, NusaCrowd brings the creation of the first multilingual automatic speech recognition benchmark in Indonesian and its local languages. Our work is intended to help advance natural language processing research in under-represented languages.