CoEvoKG: Co-Evolving Knowledge Graphs with Self-Evolving Search Agents

Large language models can improve with reinforcement learning for search agents, yet existing self play agents repeatedly generate tasks while discarding the knowledge gained during successful searches. We introduce CoEvoKG, a framework that turns a knowledge graph into both a source of verifiable training tasks and a persistent evidence memory for agent evolution. CoEvoKG jointly trains a task generator and a search agent: the generator creates multihop questions from entity chains sampled from the knowledge graph, while the agent learns from rewards for answer correctness and search trajectories whose entity paths are supported by graph evidence. When a search succeeds, CoEvoKG verifies and deduplicates the retrieved evidence, then writes it back to the corresponding graph nodes and edges. Future rounds reuse this enriched graph for task generation and reward computation, closing the loop between model self evolution and knowledge accumulation. Experiments on six QA benchmarks (NQ, TriviaQA, PopQA, HotpotQA, 2WikiMultiHopQA, and Bamboogle) with three backbone models show that CoEvoKG improves macro average accuracy over the corresponding base models by +11.2, +10.1, and +11.6 points on Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct, Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct, and Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct, respectively. Under matched training budgets, CoEvoKG further improves over competitive self play baselines and RL baselines for search agents by +2.6 to +3.7 macro average points across the three backbones. Code is available at https://github.com/lazzy1225/CoEvoKG.

Self-Play Meets Skill Evolution: Self-Evolving Search Agents that Pose, Solve, and Remember

Self-play agents can generate training problems without questions from target benchmarks, but their curricula lack persistent state: failures affect gradients yet do not explicitly shape future practice. External skill memories preserve procedural experience but are typically learned from fixed task distributions. We introduce \textbf{SESA} (Self-Evolving Skill-Augmented Agent), which makes procedural memory an evolving state of tool-augmented search self-play. A challenger poses problems, while a separately parameterized solver alone retrieves skills. Informative failures are distilled into reusable skills and written back to memory. The updated memory changes solver behavior and success, which changes the challenger's reward and the distribution of future problems; the resulting frontier produces new failures that rewrite memory. This bidirectional loop makes task generation and skill memory co-evolve. Because retrieved skills shape on-policy training trajectories, their benefits can enter the model parameters as well as remain in the external bank, enabling memory-free deployment and optional inference-time retrieval. Across seven open-domain and multi-hop question-answering benchmarks, SESA improves average accuracy over SSP by 1.2--3.2 points across multiple backbones and surpasses the skill-augmented SkillRL baseline by 0.9 points under a unified evaluation protocol. On Qwen3 models, SESA-Off retains 1.8--2.2 points of improvement over SSP, while the final skill bank adds a further 0.5--1.0 points. These results show that evolving skill memory is not merely an inference-time plug-in: it changes policy learning and the future training distribution while retaining value as optional external memory. Our code is available at https://github.com/Zenghuang-Fu/SESA-Self-Evolving-Search-Agents.

VideoCoCo: Code-as-CoT for Physically-Consistent Video Generation via an Agentic Dual-Engine System

Text-to-video models have achieved remarkable visual quality, yet they still struggle to generate physically consistent dynamics because the temporal evolution of a scene must be inferred implicitly from a highly compressed text prompt. Existing chain-of-thought approaches introduce intermediate plans or visual states, but these representations are typically non-executable or temporally sparse, limiting their ability to instantiate and control the complete spatiotemporal process. To address this limitation, we introduce VideoCoCo, an agentic dual-engine framework in which executable Blender code serves as a process-level chain of thought. Given a text prompt, a coding agent synthesizes a Blender program that explicitly specifies the scene and its temporal evolution. The executable simulation engine runs the program to produce a deterministic spatiotemporal draft, which is subsequently transformed into a photorealistic video by a generative video engine through draft-conditioned editing. This decomposition separates process-level reasoning from high-fidelity visual realization. To adapt the video editor to simulated drafts, we construct VideoCoCo-3K, a curated dataset of draft-instruction-target triplets. VideoCoCo improves the OmniWeaving baseline from 0.475 to 0.558 on PhyGenBench and from 52.18 to 77.88 on VBench-2.0, achieving the best average score on both benchmarks. These results demonstrate that executable code provides an effective, controllable, and inspectable intermediate representation for physically consistent video generation.

OmniGF: A Dual-Branch Vision-Language Framework for Unified Gaze Following

Understanding human gaze behavior is essential for complex scene comprehension and human-computer interaction. Traditional gaze following models are typically restricted to pure spatial localization, lacking the high-level capacity to reason about semantic targets or complex social contexts. Furthermore, these models often process individuals sequentially, requiring redundant computations over the same scene image for multi-person inference. While recent Vision-Language Models (VLMs) offer the exceptional semantic reasoning needed to address gaze-related semantic tasks, their reliance on discrete text generation inherently limits precision in continuous spatial tasks like gaze localization. To bridge this gap, we propose OmniGF, a unified vision-language framework that adapts foundational VLMs for highly scalable multi-person gaze reasoning. The model adopts a dual-branch decoding strategy: a structured language branch generates discrete reasoning states, while a continuous spatial branch directly taps into the VLM's dense hidden states. Supervising these extracted representations with high-resolution gaze target heatmaps effectively overcomes the spatial bottleneck of text-only coordinate generation. Furthermore, to explicitly ground the model in multi-person scenes, we augment the input with head embeddings encoded from cropped head images, providing fine-grained appearance and orientation cues for all individuals simultaneously. By modeling all individuals and leveraging the strong semantic capability of VLMs, OmniGF seamlessly integrates precise spatial gaze target estimation, semantic gaze prediction, and complex social gaze reasoning. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our framework establishes new state-of-the-art performance across multiple standard benchmarks. Code is available at https://github.com/cvlab-stonybrook/omnigf.

ForeSplat: Optimization-Aware Foresight for Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting

Feed-forward 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) models offer fast single-pass reconstruction,but scaling them to match per-scene optimization quality is fundamentally hindered by the scarcity of large-scale 3D annotations.A practical compromise is predict-then-refine,where post-prediction optimization compensates for the limited capacity of the feed-forward network.However,standard feed-forward 3DGS is trained solely for zero-step rendering error,ignoring whether its output constitutes a good initialization for the downstream optimizer.We present ForeSplat,an optimization-aware training framework that equips feed-forward 3DGS models to produce initializations explicitly designed for rapid,effective refinement.By offloading part of the scene-modeling burden to the optimizer,ForeSplat substantially reduces the capacity pressure on the feed-forward model,making high-quality reconstruction feasible even with compact networks.At its core is MetaGrad,a lightweight multi-anchor meta-gradient training rule that bypasses costly higher-order differentiation through the 3DGS optimizer.MetaGrad unrolls a short inner-loop refinement trajectory,samples anchor states,and back-propagates aggregated first-order gradients to the prediction head as a surrogate optimization-aware signal.This fine-tuning adds no inference cost and enables high-quality reconstruction within seconds after a few refinement steps.We instantiate ForeSplat on diverse backbones,including AnySplat,Pi3X,and a distilled variant tailored for edge deployment.Across all tested architectures,a ForeSplat-trained initialization converges in fewer refinement steps and reaches a higher peak reconstruction quality than its vanilla counterpart,even fully converged.The framework consistently bridges the gap between amortized prediction and per-scene optimization,establishing a practical path toward lightweight,high-fidelity 3D reconstruction.

MultiWorld: Scalable Multi-Agent Multi-View Video World Models

Video world models have achieved remarkable success in simulating environmental dynamics in response to actions by users or agents. They are modeled as action-conditioned video generation models that take historical frames and current actions as input to predict future frames. Yet, most existing approaches are limited to single-agent scenarios and fail to capture the complex interactions inherent in real-world multi-agent systems. We present \textbf{MultiWorld}, a unified framework for multi-agent multi-view world modeling that enables accurate control of multiple agents while maintaining multi-view consistency. We introduce the Multi-Agent Condition Module to achieve precise multi-agent controllability, and the Global State Encoder to ensure coherent observations across different views. MultiWorld supports flexible scaling of agent and view counts, and synthesizes different views in parallel for high efficiency. Experiments on multi-player game environments and multi-robot manipulation tasks demonstrate that MultiWorld outperforms baselines in video fidelity, action-following ability, and multi-view consistency. Project page: https://multi-world.github.io/

Learning 3D Reconstruction with Priors in Test Time

We introduce a test-time framework for multiview Transformers (MVTs) that incorporates priors (e.g., camera poses, intrinsics, and depth) to improve 3D tasks without retraining or modifying pre-trained image-only networks. Rather than feeding priors into the architecture, we cast them as constraints on the predictions and optimize the network at inference time. The optimization loss consists of a self-supervised objective and prior penalty terms. The self-supervised objective captures the compatibility among multi-view predictions and is implemented using photometric or geometric loss between renderings from other views and each view itself. Any available priors are converted into penalty terms on the corresponding output modalities. Across a series of 3D vision benchmarks, including point map estimation and camera pose estimation, our method consistently improves performance over base MVTs by a large margin. On the ETH3D, 7-Scenes, and NRGBD datasets, our method reduces the point-map distance error by more than half compared with the base image-only models. Our method also outperforms retrained prior-aware feed-forward methods, demonstrating the effectiveness of our test-time constrained optimization (TCO) framework for incorporating priors into 3D vision tasks.

Oedipus and the Sphinx: Benchmarking and Improving Visual Language Models for Complex Graphic Reasoning

Evaluating the performance of visual language models (VLMs) in graphic reasoning tasks has become an important research topic. However, VLMs still show obvious deficiencies in simulating human-level graphic reasoning capabilities, especially in complex graphic reasoning and abstract problem solving, which are less studied and existing studies only focus on simple graphics. To evaluate the performance of VLMs in complex graphic reasoning, we propose ReasonBench, the first evaluation benchmark focused on structured graphic reasoning tasks, which includes 1,613 questions from real-world intelligence tests. ReasonBench covers reasoning dimensions related to location, attribute, quantity, and multi-element tasks, providing a comprehensive evaluation of the performance of VLMs in spatial, relational, and abstract reasoning capabilities. We benchmark 11 mainstream VLMs (including closed-source and open-source models) and reveal significant limitations of current models. Based on these findings, we propose a dual optimization strategy: Diagrammatic Reasoning Chain (DiaCoT) enhances the interpretability of reasoning by decomposing layers, and ReasonTune enhances the task adaptability of model reasoning through training, all of which improves VLM performance by 33.5\%. All experimental data and code are in the repository: https://huggingface.co/datasets/cistine/ReasonBench.

Geometry Forcing: Marrying Video Diffusion and 3D Representation for Consistent World Modeling

Videos inherently represent 2D projections of a dynamic 3D world. However, our analysis suggests that video diffusion models trained solely on raw video data often fail to capture meaningful geometric-aware structure in their learned representations. To bridge this gap between video diffusion models and the underlying 3D nature of the physical world, we propose Geometry Forcing, a simple yet effective method that encourages video diffusion models to internalize latent 3D representations. Our key insight is to guide the model's intermediate representations toward geometry-aware structure by aligning them with features from a pretrained geometric foundation model. To this end, we introduce two complementary alignment objectives: Angular Alignment, which enforces directional consistency via cosine similarity, and Scale Alignment, which preserves scale-related information by regressing unnormalized geometric features from normalized diffusion representation. We evaluate Geometry Forcing on both camera view-conditioned and action-conditioned video generation tasks. Experimental results demonstrate that our method substantially improves visual quality and 3D consistency over the baseline methods. Project page: https://GeometryForcing.github.io.

DualTalk: Dual-Speaker Interaction for 3D Talking Head Conversations

In face-to-face conversations, individuals need to switch between speaking and listening roles seamlessly. Existing 3D talking head generation models focus solely on speaking or listening, neglecting the natural dynamics of interactive conversation, which leads to unnatural interactions and awkward transitions. To address this issue, we propose a new task -- multi-round dual-speaker interaction for 3D talking head generation -- which requires models to handle and generate both speaking and listening behaviors in continuous conversation. To solve this task, we introduce DualTalk, a novel unified framework that integrates the dynamic behaviors of speakers and listeners to simulate realistic and coherent dialogue interactions. This framework not only synthesizes lifelike talking heads when speaking but also generates continuous and vivid non-verbal feedback when listening, effectively capturing the interplay between the roles. We also create a new dataset featuring 50 hours of multi-round conversations with over 1,000 characters, where participants continuously switch between speaking and listening roles. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method significantly enhances the naturalness and expressiveness of 3D talking heads in dual-speaker conversations. We recommend watching the supplementary video: https://ziqiaopeng.github.io/dualtalk.