Large Language Models with Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Zero-Shot Disease Phenotyping

Identifying disease phenotypes from electronic health records (EHRs) is critical for numerous secondary uses. Manually encoding physician knowledge into rules is particularly challenging for rare diseases due to inadequate EHR coding, necessitating review of clinical notes. Large language models (LLMs) offer promise in text understanding but may not efficiently handle real-world clinical documentation. We propose a zero-shot LLM-based method enriched by retrieval-augmented generation and MapReduce, which pre-identifies disease-related text snippets to be used in parallel as queries for the LLM to establish diagnosis. We show that this method as applied to pulmonary hypertension (PH), a rare disease characterized by elevated arterial pressures in the lungs, significantly outperforms physician logic rules ($F_1$ score of 0.62 vs. 0.75). This method has the potential to enhance rare disease cohort identification, expanding the scope of robust clinical research and care gap identification.

Learning to Memorize Entailment and Discourse Relations for Persona-Consistent Dialogues

Maintaining engagement and consistency is particularly important in dialogue systems. Existing works have improved the performance of dialogue systems by intentionally learning interlocutor personas with sophisticated network structures. One issue with this approach is that it requires more personal corpora with annotations. Additionally, these models typically perform the next utterance prediction to generate a response but neglect the discourse coherence in the entire conversation. To address these issues, this study proposes a method of learning to memorize entailment and discourse relations for persona-consistent dialogue tasks. Entailment text pairs in natural language inference dataset were applied to learn latent entailment relations as external memories by premise-to-hypothesis generation task. Furthermore, an internal memory with a similar architecture was applied to the discourse information in the dialogue. Placing orthogonality restrictions on these two memory spaces ensures that the latent entailment relations remain dialogue-independent. Both memories collaborate to obtain entailment and discourse representation for the generation, allowing a deeper understanding of both consistency and coherence. Experiments on two large public datasets, PersonaChat and DSTC7-AVSD, demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method. Both automatic and human evaluations indicate that the proposed model outperforms several strong baselines in terms of both persona consistency and response coherence. Our source code is available at https://github.com/Chenrj233/LMEDR.

A Generic Knowledge Based Medical Diagnosis Expert System

In this paper, we design and implement a generic medical knowledge based system (MKBS) for identifying diseases from several symptoms. In this system, some important aspects like knowledge bases system, knowledge representation, inference engine have been addressed. The system asks users different questions and inference engines will use the certainty factor to prune out low possible solutions. The proposed disease diagnosis system also uses a graphical user interface (GUI) to facilitate users to interact with the expert system. Our expert system is generic and flexible, which can be integrated with any rule bases system in disease diagnosis.

Responsibility Management through Responsibility Networks

The safety management is critically important in the workplace. Unfortunately, responsibility issues therein such as inefficient supervision, poor evaluation and inadequate perception have not been properly addressed. To this end, in this paper, we deploy the Internet of Responsibilities (IoR) for responsibility management. Through the building of IoR framework, hierarchical responsibility management, automated responsibility evaluation at all level and efficient responsibility perception are achieved. The practical deployment of IoR system showed its effective responsibility management capability in various workplaces.

A Data-driven Human Responsibility Management System

An ideal safe workplace is described as a place where staffs fulfill responsibilities in a well-organized order, potential hazardous events are being monitored in real-time, as well as the number of accidents and relevant damages are minimized. However, occupational-related death and injury are still increasing and have been highly attended in the last decades due to the lack of comprehensive safety management. A smart safety management system is therefore urgently needed, in which the staffs are instructed to fulfill responsibilities as well as automating risk evaluations and alerting staffs and departments when needed. In this paper, a smart system for safety management in the workplace based on responsibility big data analysis and the internet of things (IoT) are proposed. The real world implementation and assessment demonstrate that the proposed systems have superior accountability performance and improve the responsibility fulfillment through real-time supervision and self-reminder.