Matrix-Transformation Based Low-Rank Adaptation (MTLoRA): A Brain-Inspired Method for Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning

Fine-tuning techniques based on Large Pretrained Language Models (LPLMs) have been proven to significantly enhance model performance on a variety of downstream tasks and effectively control the output behaviors of LPLMs. Recent studies have proposed numerous methods for fine-tuning a small number of parameters based on open-source LPLMs, reducing the demand for computational and storage resources. Among these, reparameterization fine-tuning methods represented by LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation) have gained popularity. We find that although these methods perform well in many aspects, there is still considerable room for improvement in terms of complex task adaptability, performance, stability, and algorithm complexity. In response to this, inspired by the idea that the functions of the brain are shaped by its geometric structure, this paper integrates this idea into LoRA technology and proposes a new matrix transformation-based reparameterization method for efficient fine-tuning, named Matrix-Transformation based Low-Rank Adaptation (MTLoRA). MTLoRA aims to dynamically alter its spatial geometric structure by applying a transformation-matrix T to perform linear transformations, such as rotation, scaling, and translation, on the task-specific parameter matrix, generating new matrix feature patterns (eigenvectors) to mimic the fundamental influence of complex geometric structure feature patterns in the brain on functions, thereby enhancing the model's performance in downstream tasks. In Natural Language Understanding (NLU) tasks, it is evaluated using the GLUE benchmark test, and the results reveal that MTLoRA achieves an overall performance increase of about 1.0% across eight tasks; in Natural Language Generation (NLG) tasks, MTLoRA improves performance by an average of 0.95% and 0.56% in the DART and WebNLG tasks, respectively.

STREAM: Social data and knowledge collective intelligence platform for TRaining Ethical AI Models

This paper presents Social data and knowledge collective intelligence platform for TRaining Ethical AI Models (STREAM) to address the challenge of aligning AI models with human moral values, and to provide ethics datasets and knowledge bases to help promote AI models "follow good advice as naturally as a stream follows its course". By creating a comprehensive and representative platform that accurately mirrors the moral judgments of diverse groups including humans and AIs, we hope to effectively portray cultural and group variations, and capture the dynamic evolution of moral judgments over time, which in turn will facilitate the Establishment, Evaluation, Embedding, Embodiment, Ensemble, and Evolvement (6Es) of the moral capabilities of AI models. Currently, STREAM has already furnished a comprehensive collection of ethical scenarios, and amassed substantial moral judgment data annotated by volunteers and various popular Large Language Models (LLMs), collectively portraying the moral preferences and performances of both humans and AIs across a range of moral contexts. This paper will outline the current structure and construction of STREAM, explore its potential applications, and discuss its future prospects.

Improving Robustness of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks via Multiresolution Learning

The current learning process of deep learning, regardless of any deep neural network (DNN) architecture and/or learning algorithm used, is essentially a single resolution training. We explore multiresolution learning and show that multiresolution learning can significantly improve robustness of DNN models for both 1D signal and 2D signal (image) prediction problems. We demonstrate this improvement in terms of both noise and adversarial robustness as well as with small training dataset size. Our results also suggest that it may not be necessary to trade standard accuracy for robustness with multiresolution learning, which is, interestingly, contrary to the observation obtained from the traditional single resolution learning setting.

A Brain-inspired Memory Transformation based Differentiable Neural Computer for Reasoning-based Question Answering

Reasoning and question answering as a basic cognitive function for humans, is nevertheless a great challenge for current artificial intelligence. Although the Differentiable Neural Computer (DNC) model could solve such problems to a certain extent, the development is still limited by its high algorithm complexity, slow convergence speed, and poor test robustness. Inspired by the learning and memory mechanism of the brain, this paper proposed a Memory Transformation based Differentiable Neural Computer (MT-DNC) model. MT-DNC incorporates working memory and long-term memory into DNC, and realizes the autonomous transformation of acquired experience between working memory and long-term memory, thereby helping to effectively extract acquired knowledge to improve reasoning ability. Experimental results on bAbI question answering task demonstrated that our proposed method achieves superior performance and faster convergence speed compared to other existing DNN and DNC models. Ablation studies also indicated that the memory transformation from working memory to long-term memory plays essential role in improving the robustness and stability of reasoning. This work explores how brain-inspired memory transformation can be integrated and applied to complex intelligent dialogue and reasoning systems.

Brain-inspired Graph Spiking Neural Networks for Commonsense Knowledge Representation and Reasoning

How neural networks in the human brain represent commonsense knowledge, and complete related reasoning tasks is an important research topic in neuroscience, cognitive science, psychology, and artificial intelligence. Although the traditional artificial neural network using fixed-length vectors to represent symbols has gained good performance in some specific tasks, it is still a black box that lacks interpretability, far from how humans perceive the world. Inspired by the grandmother-cell hypothesis in neuroscience, this work investigates how population encoding and spiking timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) mechanisms can be integrated into the learning of spiking neural networks, and how a population of neurons can represent a symbol via guiding the completion of sequential firing between different neuron populations. The neuron populations of different communities together constitute the entire commonsense knowledge graph, forming a giant graph spiking neural network. Moreover, we introduced the Reward-modulated spiking timing-dependent plasticity (R-STDP) mechanism to simulate the biological reinforcement learning process and completed the related reasoning tasks accordingly, achieving comparable accuracy and faster convergence speed than the graph convolutional artificial neural networks. For the fields of neuroscience and cognitive science, the work in this paper provided the foundation of computational modeling for further exploration of the way the human brain represents commonsense knowledge. For the field of artificial intelligence, this paper indicated the exploration direction for realizing a more robust and interpretable neural network by constructing a commonsense knowledge representation and reasoning spiking neural networks with solid biological plausibility.