Background and Objective: Early detection of lung cancer is crucial as it has high mortality rate with patients commonly present with the disease at stage 3 and above. There are only relatively few methods that simultaneously detect and classify nodules from computed tomography (CT) scans. Furthermore, very few studies have used semi-supervised learning for lung cancer prediction. This study presents a complete end-to-end scheme to detect and classify lung nodules using the state-of-the-art Self-training with Noisy Student method on a comprehensive CT lung screening dataset of around 4,000 CT scans. Methods: We used three datasets, namely LUNA16, LIDC and NLST, for this study. We first utilise a three-dimensional deep convolutional neural network model to detect lung nodules in the detection stage. The classification model known as Maxout Local-Global Network uses non-local networks to detect global features including shape features, residual blocks to detect local features including nodule texture, and a Maxout layer to detect nodule variations. We trained the first Self-training with Noisy Student model to predict lung cancer on the unlabelled NLST datasets. Then, we performed Mixup regularization to enhance our scheme and provide robustness to erroneous labels. Results and Conclusions: Our new Mixup Maxout Local-Global network achieves an AUC of 0.87 on 2,005 completely independent testing scans from the NLST dataset. Our new scheme significantly outperformed the next highest performing method at the 5% significance level using DeLong's test (p = 0.0001). This study presents a new complete end-to-end scheme to predict lung cancer using Self-training with Noisy Student combined with Mixup regularization. On a completely independent dataset of 2,005 scans, we achieved state-of-the-art performance even with more images as compared to other methods.
While skin cancer is the most diagnosed form of cancer in men and women, with more cases diagnosed each year than all other cancers combined, sufficiently early diagnosis results in very good prognosis and as such makes early detection crucial. While radiomics have shown considerable promise as a powerful diagnostic tool for significantly improving oncological diagnostic accuracy and efficiency, current radiomics-driven methods have largely rely on pre-defined, hand-crafted quantitative features, which can greatly limit the ability to fully characterize unique cancer phenotype that distinguish it from healthy tissue. Recently, the notion of discovery radiomics was introduced, where a large amount of custom, quantitative radiomic features are directly discovered from the wealth of readily available medical imaging data. In this study, we present a novel discovery radiomics framework for skin cancer detection, where we leverage novel deep multi-column radiomic sequencers for high-throughput discovery and extraction of a large amount of custom radiomic features tailored for characterizing unique skin cancer tissue phenotype. The discovered radiomic sequencer was tested against 9,152 biopsy-proven clinical images comprising of different skin cancers such as melanoma and basal cell carcinoma, and demonstrated sensitivity and specificity of 91% and 75%, respectively, thus achieving dermatologist-level performance and \break hence can be a powerful tool for assisting general practitioners and dermatologists alike in improving the efficiency, consistency, and accuracy of skin cancer diagnosis.
Breast cancer diagnosis often requires accurate detection of metastasis in lymph nodes through Whole-slide Images (WSIs). Recent advances in deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown significant successes in medical image analysis and particularly in computational histopathology. Because of the outrageous large size of WSIs, most of the methods divide one slide into lots of small image patches and perform classification on each patch independently. However, neighboring patches often share spatial correlations, and ignoring these spatial correlations may result in inconsistent predictions. In this paper, we propose a neural conditional random field (NCRF) deep learning framework to detect cancer metastasis in WSIs. NCRF considers the spatial correlations between neighboring patches through a fully connected CRF which is directly incorporated on top of a CNN feature extractor. The whole deep network can be trained end-to-end with standard back-propagation algorithm with minor computational overhead from the CRF component. The CNN feature extractor can also benefit from considering spatial correlations via the CRF component. Compared to the baseline method without considering spatial correlations, we show that the proposed NCRF framework obtains probability maps of patch predictions with better visual quality. We also demonstrate that our method outperforms the baseline in cancer metastasis detection on the Camelyon16 dataset and achieves an average FROC score of 0.8096 on the test set. NCRF is open sourced at https://github.com/baidu-research/NCRF.
Breast cancer is considered as one of a major health problem that constitutes the strongest cause behind mortality among women in the world. So, in this decade, breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer, in term of appearance frequency, and the fifth most common cause of cancer related death. In order to reduce the workload on radiologists, a variety of CAD systems; Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CADi) and Computer-Aided Detection (CADe) have been proposed. In this paper, we interested on CADe tool to help radiologist to detect cancer. The proposed CADe is based on a three-step work flow; namely, detection, analysis and classification. This paper deals with the problem of automatic detection of Region Of Interest (ROI) based on Level Set approach depended on edge and region criteria. This approach gives good visual information from the radiologist. After that, the features extraction using textures characteristics and the vector classification using Multilayer Perception (MLP) and k-Nearest Neighbours (KNN) are adopted to distinguish different ACR (American College of Radiology) classification. Moreover, we use the Digital Database for Screening Mammography (DDSM) for experiments and these results in term of accuracy varied between 60 % and 70% are acceptable and must be ameliorated to aid radiologist.
Each year, the treatment decisions for more than 230,000 breast cancer patients in the U.S. hinge on whether the cancer has metastasized away from the breast. Metastasis detection is currently performed by pathologists reviewing large expanses of biological tissues. This process is labor intensive and error-prone. We present a framework to automatically detect and localize tumors as small as 100 x 100 pixels in gigapixel microscopy images sized 100,000 x 100,000 pixels. Our method leverages a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture and obtains state-of-the-art results on the Camelyon16 dataset in the challenging lesion-level tumor detection task. At 8 false positives per image, we detect 92.4% of the tumors, relative to 82.7% by the previous best automated approach. For comparison, a human pathologist attempting exhaustive search achieved 73.2% sensitivity. We achieve image-level AUC scores above 97% on both the Camelyon16 test set and an independent set of 110 slides. In addition, we discover that two slides in the Camelyon16 training set were erroneously labeled normal. Our approach could considerably reduce false negative rates in metastasis detection.
Detecting cancers at early stages can dramatically reduce mortality rates. Therefore, practical cancer screening at the population level is needed. Here, we develop a comprehensive detection system to classify all common cancer types. By integrating artificial intelligence deep learning neural network and noncoding RNA biomarkers selected from massive data, our system can accurately detect cancer vs healthy object with 96.3% of AUC of ROC (Area Under Curve of a Receiver Operating Characteristic curve). Intriguinely, with no more than 6 biomarkers, our approach can easily discriminate any individual cancer type vs normal with 99% to 100% AUC. Furthermore, a comprehensive marker panel can simultaneously multi-classify all common cancers with a stable 78% of accuracy at heterological cancerous tissues and conditions. This provides a valuable framework for large scale cancer screening. The AI models and plots of results were available in https://combai.org/ai/cancerdetection/
Early prostate cancer detection and staging from MRI are extremely challenging tasks for both radiologists and deep learning algorithms, but the potential to learn from large and diverse datasets remains a promising avenue to increase their generalization capability both within- and across clinics. To enable this for prototype-stage algorithms, where the majority of existing research remains, in this paper we introduce a flexible federated learning framework for cross-site training, validation, and evaluation of deep prostate cancer detection algorithms. Our approach utilizes an abstracted representation of the model architecture and data, which allows unpolished prototype deep learning models to be trained without modification using the NVFlare federated learning framework. Our results show increases in prostate cancer detection and classification accuracy using a specialized neural network model and diverse prostate biopsy data collected at two University of California research hospitals, demonstrating the efficacy of our approach in adapting to different datasets and improving MR-biomarker discovery. We open-source our FLtools system, which can be easily adapted to other deep learning projects for medical imaging.
Predicting TNM stage is the major determinant of breast cancer prognosis and treatment. The essential part of TNM stage classification is whether the cancer has metastasized to the regional lymph nodes (N-stage). Pathologic N-stage (pN-stage) is commonly performed by pathologists detecting metastasis in histological slides. However, this diagnostic procedure is prone to misinterpretation and would normally require extensive time by pathologists because of the sheer volume of data that needs a thorough review. Automated detection of lymph node metastasis and pN-stage prediction has a great potential to reduce their workload and help the pathologist. Recent advances in convolutional neural networks (CNN) have shown significant improvements in histological slide analysis, but accuracy is not optimized because of the difficulty in the handling of gigapixel images. In this paper, we propose a robust method for metastasis detection and pN-stage classification in breast cancer from multiple gigapixel pathology images in an effective way. pN-stage is predicted by combining patch-level CNN based metastasis detector and slide-level lymph node classifier. The proposed framework achieves a state-of-the-art quadratic weighted kappa score of 0.9203 on the Camelyon17 dataset, outperforming the previous winning method of the Camelyon17 challenge.
As Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) have shown robust performance and results in medical image analysis, a number of deep-learning-based tumor detection methods were developed in recent years. Nowadays, the automatic detection of pancreatic tumors using contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography (CT) is widely applied for the diagnosis and staging of pancreatic cancer. Traditional hand-crafted methods only extract low-level features. Normal convolutional neural networks, however, fail to make full use of effective context information, which causes inferior detection results. In this paper, a novel and efficient pancreatic tumor detection framework aiming at fully exploiting the context information at multiple scales is designed. More specifically, the contribution of the proposed method mainly consists of three components: Augmented Feature Pyramid networks, Self-adaptive Feature Fusion and a Dependencies Computation (DC) Module. A bottom-up path augmentation to fully extract and propagate low-level accurate localization information is established firstly. Then, the Self-adaptive Feature Fusion can encode much richer context information at multiple scales based on the proposed regions. Finally, the DC Module is specifically designed to capture the interaction information between proposals and surrounding tissues. Experimental results achieve competitive performance in detection with the AUC of 0.9455, which outperforms other state-of-the-art methods to our best of knowledge, demonstrating the proposed framework can detect the tumor of pancreatic cancer efficiently and accurately.
Cancer disease is one of the leading causes of death all over the world. Breast cancer, which is a common cancer disease especially in women, is quite common. The most important tool used for early detection of this cancer type, which requires a long process to establish a definitive diagnosis, is histopathological images taken by biopsy. These obtained images are examined by pathologists and a definitive diagnosis is made. It is quite common to detect this process with the help of a computer. Detection of benign or malignant tumors, especially by using data with different magnification rates, takes place in the literature. In this study, two different balanced and unbalanced study groups have been formed by using the histopathological data in the BreakHis data set. We have examined how the performances of balanced and unbalanced data sets change in detecting tumor type. In conclusion, in the study performed using the InceptionV3 convolution neural network model, 93.55% accuracy, 99.19% recall and 87.10% specificity values have been obtained for balanced data, while 89.75% accuracy, 82.89% recall and 91.51% specificity values have been obtained for unbalanced data. According to the results obtained in two different studies, the balance of the data increases the overall performance as well as the detection performance of both benign and malignant tumors. It can be said that the model trained with the help of data sets created in a balanced way will give pathology specialists higher and accurate results.
Add to Chrome
Add to Firefox