Data Selection Effects on Self-Supervised Learning of Audio Representations for French Audiovisual Broadcasts

Audio and speech self-supervised encoder models are now widely used for a lot of different tasks. Many of these models are often trained on clean segmented speech content such as LibriSpeech. In this paper, we look into how the pretraining datasets of such SSL (Self-Supervised Learning) models impact their downstream results. We build a large pretraining corpus of highly diverse TV and Radio broadcast audio content, which we describe with automatic tools. We use these annotations to build smaller subsets, which we use to train audio SSL models. Then, we evaluate the models on multiple downstream tasks such as automatic speech recognition, voice activity and music detection, or speaker recognition. The results show the potential of pretraining SSL models on diverse audio content without restricting it to speech. We also perform a membership inference attack to evaluate the encoder ability to memorize their training datasets, which highlight the importance of data deduplication. This unified training could bridge speech and music machine learning communities.

Semantic-Emotional Resonance Embedding: A Semi-Supervised Paradigm for Cross-Lingual Speech Emotion Recognition

Cross-lingual Speech Emotion Recognition (CLSER) aims to identify emotional states in unseen languages. However, existing methods heavily rely on the semantic synchrony of complete labels and static feature stability, hindering low-resource languages from reaching high-resource performance. To address this, we propose a semi-supervised framework based on Semantic-Emotional Resonance Embedding (SERE), a cross-lingual dynamic feature paradigm that requires neither target language labels nor translation alignment. Specifically, SERE constructs an emotion-semantic structure using a small number of labeled samples. It learns human emotional experiences through an Instantaneous Resonance Field (IRF), enabling unlabeled samples to self-organize into this structure. This achieves semi-supervised semantic guidance and structural discovery. Additionally, we design a Triple-Resonance Interaction Chain (TRIC) loss to enable the model to reinforce the interaction and embedding capabilities between labeled and unlabeled samples during emotional highlights. Extensive experiments across multiple languages demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, requiring only 5-shot labeling in the source language.

Few-Shot Contrastive Adaptation for Audio Abuse Detection in Low-Resource Indic Languages

Abusive speech detection is becoming increasingly important as social media shifts towards voice-based interaction, particularly in multilingual and low-resource settings. Most current systems rely on automatic speech recognition (ASR) followed by text-based hate speech classification, but this pipeline is vulnerable to transcription errors and discards prosodic information carried in speech. We investigate whether Contrastive Language-Audio Pre-training (CLAP) can support abusive speech detection directly from audio. Using the ADIMA dataset, we evaluate CLAP-based representations under few-shot supervised contrastive adaptation in cross-lingual and leave-one-language-out settings, with zero-shot prompting included as an auxiliary analysis. Our results show that CLAP yields strong cross-lingual audio representations across ten Indic languages, and that lightweight projection-only adaptation achieves competitive performance with respect to fully supervised systems trained on complete training data. However, the benefits of few-shot adaptation are language-dependent and not monotonic with shot size. These findings suggest that contrastive audio-text models provide a promising basis for cross-lingual audio abuse detection in low-resource settings, while also indicating that transfer remains incomplete and language-specific in important ways.

Demographic and Linguistic Bias Evaluation in Omnimodal Language Models

This paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of demographic and linguistic biases in omnimodal language models that process text, images, audio, and video within a single framework. Although these models are being widely deployed, their performance across different demographic groups and modalities is not well studied. Four omnimodal models are evaluated on tasks that include demographic attribute estimation, identity verification, activity recognition, multilingual speech transcription, and language identification. Accuracy differences are measured across age, gender, skin tone, language, and country of origin. The results show that image and video understanding tasks generally exhibit better performance with smaller demographic disparities. In contrast, audio understanding tasks exhibit significantly lower performance and substantial bias, including large accuracy differences across age groups, genders, and languages, and frequent prediction collapse toward narrow categories. These findings highlight the importance of evaluating fairness across all supported modalities as omnimodal language models are increasingly used in real-world applications.

XR-CareerAssist: An Immersive Platform for Personalised Career Guidance Leveraging Extended Reality and Multimodal AI

Conventional career guidance platforms rely on static, text-driven interfaces that struggle to engage users or deliver personalised, evidence-based insights. Although Computer-Assisted Career Guidance Systems have evolved since the 1960s, they remain limited in interactivity and pay little attention to the narrative dimensions of career development. We introduce XR-CareerAssist, a platform that unifies Extended Reality (XR) with several Artificial Intelligence (AI) modules to deliver immersive, multilingual career guidance. The system integrates Automatic Speech Recognition for voice-driven interaction, Neural Machine Translation across English, Greek, French, and Italian, a Langchain-based conversational Training Assistant for personalised dialogue, a BLIP-based Vision-Language model for career visualisations, and AWS Polly Text-to-Speech delivered through an interactive 3D avatar. Career trajectories are rendered as dynamic Sankey diagrams derived from a repository of more than 100,000 anonymised professional profiles. The application was built in Unity for Meta Quest 3, with backend services hosted on AWS. A pilot evaluation at the University of Exeter with 23 participants returned 95.6% speech recognition accuracy, 78.3% overall user satisfaction, and 91.3% favourable ratings for system responsiveness, with feedback informing subsequent improvements to motion comfort, audio clarity, and text legibility. XR-CareerAssist demonstrates how the fusion of XR and AI can produce more engaging, accessible, and effective career development tools, with the integration of five AI modules within a single immersive environment yielding a multimodal interaction experience that distinguishes it from existing career guidance platforms.

Rethinking Entropy Allocation in LLM-based ASR: Understanding the Dynamics between Speech Encoders and LLMs

Integrating large language models (LLMs) into automatic speech recognition (ASR) has become a dominant paradigm. Although recent LLM-based ASR models have shown promising performance on public benchmarks, it remains challenging to balance recognition quality with latency and overhead, while hallucinations further limit real-world deployment. In this study, we revisit LLM-based ASR from an entropy allocation perspective and introduce three metrics to characterize how training paradigms allocate entropy reduction between the speech encoder and the LLM. To remedy entropy-allocation inefficiencies in prevailing approaches, we propose a principled multi-stage training strategy grounded in capability-boundary awareness, optimizing parameter efficiency and hallucination robustness. Specifically, we redesign the pretraining strategy to alleviate the speech-text modality gap, and further introduce an iterative asynchronous SFT stage between alignment and joint SFT to preserve functional decoupling and constrain encoder representation drift. Experiments on Mandarin and English benchmarks show that our method achieves competitive performance with state-of-the-art models using only 2.3B parameters, while also effectively mitigating hallucinations through our decoupling-oriented design.

Script Collapse in Multilingual ASR: Defining and Measuring Script Fidelity Rate

Word error rate (WER) is the dominant metric for automatic speech recognition, yet it cannot detect a systematic failure mode: models that produce fluent output in the wrong writing system. We define Script Fidelity Rate (SFR), the fraction of hypothesis characters in the target script block, computable without reference transcriptions, and report the first systematic measurement of script collapse across six languages spanning four writing systems (Pashto, Urdu, Hindi, Bengali, Malayalam, Somali) and nine ASR models on FLEURS test sets. Across 53 evaluated model-language pairs, 18 (34%; 95% Wilson CI: 23-47%) exhibit script collapse (SFR < 10%); MMS-1B and SeamlessM4T-v2 maintain SFR above 99% on every language evaluated, confirming that SFR correctly identifies high fidelity where it is present. We identify three distinct collapse patterns: Latin phonetic substitution (smaller Whisper on Indic languages), Arabic substitution for Somali's Latin-script orthography, and Devanagari substitution where larger Whisper models treat all Indic audio as Hindi, a failure present even in Whisper large-v3.

AfriVoices-KE: A Multilingual Speech Dataset for Kenyan Languages

AfriVoices-KE is a large-scale multilingual speech dataset comprising approximately 3,000 hours of audio across five Kenyan languages: Dholuo, Kikuyu, Kalenjin, Maasai, and Somali. The dataset includes 750 hours of scripted speech and 2,250 hours of spontaneous speech, collected from 4,777 native speakers across diverse regions and demographics. This work addresses the critical underrepresentation of African languages in speech technology by providing a high-quality, linguistically diverse resource. Data collection followed a dual methodology: scripted recordings drew from compiled text corpora, translations, and domain-specific generated sentences spanning eleven domains relevant to the Kenyan context, while unscripted speech was elicited through textual and image prompts to capture natural linguistic variation and dialectal nuances. A customized mobile application enabled contributors to record using smartphones. Quality assurance operated at multiple layers, encompassing automated signal-to-noise ratio validation prior to recording and human review for content accuracy. Though the project encountered challenges common to low-resource settings, including unreliable infrastructure, device compatibility issues, and community trust barriers, these were mitigated through local mobilizers, stakeholder partnerships, and adaptive training protocols. AfriVoices-KE provides a foundational resource for developing inclusive automatic speech recognition and text-to-speech systems, while advancing the digital preservation of Kenya's linguistic heritage.

When Does Data Augmentation Help? Evaluating LLM and Back-Translation Methods for Hausa and Fongbe NLP

Data scarcity limits NLP development for low-resource African languages. We evaluate two data augmentation methods -- LLM-based generation (Gemini 2.5 Flash) and back-translation (NLLB-200) -- for Hausa and Fongbe, two West African languages that differ substantially in LLM generation quality. We assess augmentation on named entity recognition (NER) and part-of-speech (POS) tagging using MasakhaNER 2.0 and MasakhaPOS benchmarks. Our results reveal that augmentation effectiveness depends on task type rather than language or LLM quality alone. For NER, neither method improves over baseline for either language; LLM augmentation reduces Hausa NER by 0.24% F1 and Fongbe NER by 1.81% F1. For POS tagging, LLM augmentation improves Fongbe by 0.33% accuracy, while back-translation improves Hausa by 0.17%; back-translation reduces Fongbe POS by 0.35% and has negligible effect on Hausa POS. The same LLM-generated synthetic data produces opposite effects across tasks for Fongbe -- hurting NER while helping POS -- suggesting task structure governs augmentation outcomes more than synthetic data quality. These findings challenge the assumption that LLM generation quality predicts augmentation success, and provide actionable guidance: data augmentation should be treated as a task-specific intervention rather than a universally beneficial preprocessing step.

Closing the Speech-Text Gap with Limited Audio for Effective Domain Adaptation in LLM-Based ASR

Conventional end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems rely on paired speech-text data for domain adaptation. Recent LLM-based ASR architectures connect a speech encoder to a large language model via a projection module, enabling adaptation with text-only data. However, this introduces a modality gap, as the LLM is not exposed to the noisy representations produced by the speech projector. We investigate whether small amounts of speech can mitigate this mismatch. We compare three strategies: text-only adaptation, paired speech-text adaptation, and mixed batching (MB), which combines both. Experiments in in-domain and out-of-domain settings show that even limited speech consistently improves performance. Notably, MB using only 10% of the target-domain (less than 4 hours) speech achieves word error rates comparable to, or better than, conventional ASR fine-tuning with the full dataset, indicating that small amounts of speech provide a strong modality-alignment signal.