MAgIC: Investigation of Large Language Model Powered Multi-Agent in Cognition, Adaptability, Rationality and Collaboration

Large Language Models (LLMs) have marked a significant advancement in the field of natural language processing, demonstrating exceptional capabilities in reasoning, tool usage, and memory. As their applications extend into multi-agent environments, a need has arisen for a comprehensive evaluation framework that captures their abilities in reasoning, planning, collaboration, and more. This work introduces a novel benchmarking framework specifically tailored to assess LLMs within multi-agent settings, providing quantitative metrics to evaluate their judgment, reasoning, deception, self-awareness, cooperation, coordination, and rationality. We utilize games such as Chameleon and Undercover, alongside game theory scenarios like Cost Sharing, Multi-player Prisoner's Dilemma, and Public Good, to create diverse testing environments. Our framework is fortified with the Probabilistic Graphical Modeling (PGM) method, enhancing the LLMs' capabilities in navigating complex social and cognitive dimensions. The benchmark evaluates seven multi-agent systems powered by different LLMs, quantitatively highlighting a significant capability gap over threefold between the strongest, GPT-4, and the weakest, Llama-2-70B. It also confirms that our PGM enhancement boosts the inherent abilities of all selected models by 50% on average. Our codes are released here https://github.com/cathyxl/MAgIC.

MAGIC: Detecting Advanced Persistent Threats via Masked Graph Representation Learning

Advance Persistent Threats (APTs), adopted by most delicate attackers, are becoming increasing common and pose great threat to various enterprises and institutions. Data provenance analysis on provenance graphs has emerged as a common approach in APT detection. However, previous works have exhibited several shortcomings: (1) requiring attack-containing data and a priori knowledge of APTs, (2) failing in extracting the rich contextual information buried within provenance graphs and (3) becoming impracticable due to their prohibitive computation overhead and memory consumption. In this paper, we introduce MAGIC, a novel and flexible self-supervised APT detection approach capable of performing multi-granularity detection under different level of supervision. MAGIC leverages masked graph representation learning to model benign system entities and behaviors, performing efficient deep feature extraction and structure abstraction on provenance graphs. By ferreting out anomalous system behaviors via outlier detection methods, MAGIC is able to perform both system entity level and batched log level APT detection. MAGIC is specially designed to handle concept drift with a model adaption mechanism and successfully applies to universal conditions and detection scenarios. We evaluate MAGIC on three widely-used datasets, including both real-world and simulated attacks. Evaluation results indicate that MAGIC achieves promising detection results in all scenarios and shows enormous advantage over state-of-the-art APT detection approaches in performance overhead.

Multinational AGI Consortium (MAGIC): A Proposal for International Coordination on AI

This paper proposes a Multinational Artificial General Intelligence Consortium (MAGIC) to mitigate existential risks from advanced artificial intelligence (AI). MAGIC would be the only institution in the world permitted to develop advanced AI, enforced through a global moratorium by its signatory members on all other advanced AI development. MAGIC would be exclusive, safety-focused, highly secure, and collectively supported by member states, with benefits distributed equitably among signatories. MAGIC would allow narrow AI models to flourish while significantly reducing the possibility of misaligned, rogue, breakout, or runaway outcomes of general-purpose systems. We do not address the political feasibility of implementing a moratorium or address the specific legislative strategies and rules needed to enforce a ban on high-capacity AGI training runs. Instead, we propose one positive vision of the future, where MAGIC, as a global governance regime, can lay the groundwork for long-term, safe regulation of advanced AI.

Comparative Multi-View Language Grounding

In this work, we consider the task of resolving object referents when given a comparative language description. We present a Multi-view Approach to Grounding in Context (MAGiC) that leverages transformers to pragmatically reason over both objects given multiple image views and a language description. In contrast to past efforts that attempt to connect vision and language for this task without fully considering the resulting referential context, MAGiC makes use of the comparative information by jointly reasoning over multiple views of both object referent candidates and the referring language expression. We present an analysis demonstrating that comparative reasoning contributes to SOTA performance on the SNARE object reference task.

What's the Magic Word? A Control Theory of LLM Prompting

Prompt engineering is effective and important in the deployment of LLMs but is poorly understood mathematically. Here, we formalize prompt engineering as an optimal control problem on LLMs -- where the prompt is considered a control variable for modulating the output distribution of the LLM. Within this framework, we ask a simple question: given a sequence of tokens, does there always exist a prompt we can prepend that will steer the LLM toward accurately predicting the final token? We call such an optimal prompt the magic word since prepending the prompt causes the LLM to output the correct answer. If magic words exist, can we find them? If so, what are their properties? We offer analytic analysis on the controllability of the self-attention head where we prove a bound on controllability as a function of the singular values of its weight matrices. We take inspiration from control theory to propose a metric called $k-\epsilon$ controllability to characterize LLM steerability. We compute the $k-\epsilon$ controllability of a panel of large language models, including Falcon-7b, Llama-7b, and Falcon-40b on 5000 WikiText causal language modeling tasks. Remarkably, we find that magic words of 10 tokens or less exist for over 97% of WikiText instances surveyed for each model.

Taking control: Policies to address extinction risks from advanced AI

This paper provides policy recommendations to reduce extinction risks from advanced artificial intelligence (AI). First, we briefly provide background information about extinction risks from AI. Second, we argue that voluntary commitments from AI companies would be an inappropriate and insufficient response. Third, we describe three policy proposals that would meaningfully address the threats from advanced AI: (1) establishing a Multinational AGI Consortium to enable democratic oversight of advanced AI (MAGIC), (2) implementing a global cap on the amount of computing power used to train an AI system (global compute cap), and (3) requiring affirmative safety evaluations to ensure that risks are kept below acceptable levels (gating critical experiments). MAGIC would be a secure, safety-focused, internationally-governed institution responsible for reducing risks from advanced AI and performing research to safely harness the benefits of AI. MAGIC would also maintain emergency response infrastructure (kill switch) to swiftly halt AI development or withdraw model deployment in the event of an AI-related emergency. The global compute cap would end the corporate race toward dangerous AI systems while enabling the vast majority of AI innovation to continue unimpeded. Gating critical experiments would ensure that companies developing powerful AI systems are required to present affirmative evidence that these models keep extinction risks below an acceptable threshold. After describing these recommendations, we propose intermediate steps that the international community could take to implement these proposals and lay the groundwork for international coordination around advanced AI.

MAGIC-TBR: Multiview Attention Fusion for Transformer-based Bodily Behavior Recognition in Group Settings

Bodily behavioral language is an important social cue, and its automated analysis helps in enhancing the understanding of artificial intelligence systems. Furthermore, behavioral language cues are essential for active engagement in social agent-based user interactions. Despite the progress made in computer vision for tasks like head and body pose estimation, there is still a need to explore the detection of finer behaviors such as gesturing, grooming, or fumbling. This paper proposes a multiview attention fusion method named MAGIC-TBR that combines features extracted from videos and their corresponding Discrete Cosine Transform coefficients via a transformer-based approach. The experiments are conducted on the BBSI dataset and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed feature fusion with multiview attention. The code is available at: https://github.com/surbhimadan92/MAGIC-TBR

Unlocking Metasurface Practicality for B5G Networks: AI-assisted RIS Planning

The advent of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces(RISs) brings along significant improvements for wireless technology on the verge of beyond-fifth-generation networks (B5G).The proven flexibility in influencing the propagation environment opens up the possibility of programmatically altering the wireless channel to the advantage of network designers, enabling the exploitation of higher-frequency bands for superior throughput overcoming the challenging electromagnetic (EM) propagation properties at these frequency bands. However, RISs are not magic bullets. Their employment comes with significant complexity, requiring ad-hoc deployments and management operations to come to fruition. In this paper, we tackle the open problem of bringing RISs to the field, focusing on areas with little or no coverage. In fact, we present a first-of-its-kind deep reinforcement learning (DRL) solution, dubbed as D-RISA, which trains a DRL agent and, in turn, obtain san optimal RIS deployment. We validate our framework in the indoor scenario of the Rennes railway station in France, assessing the performance of our algorithm against state-of-the-art (SOA) approaches. Our benchmarks showcase better coverage, i.e., 10-dB increase in minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), at lower computational time (up to -25 percent) while improving scalability towards denser network deployments.

Mini-DALLE3: Interactive Text to Image by Prompting Large Language Models

The revolution of artificial intelligence content generation has been rapidly accelerated with the booming text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models. Within just two years of development, it was unprecedentedly of high-quality, diversity, and creativity that the state-of-the-art models could generate. However, a prevalent limitation persists in the effective communication with these popular T2I models, such as Stable Diffusion, using natural language descriptions. This typically makes an engaging image hard to obtain without expertise in prompt engineering with complex word compositions, magic tags, and annotations. Inspired by the recently released DALLE3 - a T2I model directly built-in ChatGPT that talks human language, we revisit the existing T2I systems endeavoring to align human intent and introduce a new task - interactive text to image (iT2I), where people can interact with LLM for interleaved high-quality image generation/edit/refinement and question answering with stronger images and text correspondences using natural language. In addressing the iT2I problem, we present a simple approach that augments LLMs for iT2I with prompting techniques and off-the-shelf T2I models. We evaluate our approach for iT2I in a variety of common-used scenarios under different LLMs, e.g., ChatGPT, LLAMA, Baichuan, and InternLM. We demonstrate that our approach could be a convenient and low-cost way to introduce the iT2I ability for any existing LLMs and any text-to-image models without any training while bringing little degradation on LLMs' inherent capabilities in, e.g., question answering and code generation. We hope this work could draw broader attention and provide inspiration for boosting user experience in human-machine interactions alongside the image quality of the next-generation T2I systems.