RoboRouter: Training-Free Policy Routing for Robotic Manipulation

Research on robotic manipulation has developed a diverse set of policy paradigms, including vision-language-action (VLA) models, vision-action (VA) policies, and code-based compositional approaches. Concrete policies typically attain high success rates on specific task distributions but lim-ited generalization beyond it. Rather than proposing an other monolithic policy, we propose to leverage the complementary strengths of existing approaches through intelligent policy routing. We introduce RoboRouter, a training-free framework that maintains a pool of heterogeneous policies and learns to select the best-performing policy for each task through accumulated execution experience. Given a new task, RoboRouter constructs a semantic task representation, retrieves historical records of similar tasks, predicts the optimal policy choice without requiring trial-and-error, and incorporates structured feedback to refine subsequent routing decisions. Integrating a new policy into the system requires only lightweight evaluation and incurs no training overhead. Across simulation benchmark and real-world evaluations, RoboRouter consistently outperforms than in-dividual policies, improving average success rate by more than 3% in simulation and over 13% in real-world settings, while preserving execution efficiency. Our results demonstrate that intelligent routing across heterogeneous, off-the-shelf policies provides a practical and scalable pathway toward building more capable robotic systems.

DexHiL: A Human-in-the-Loop Framework for Vision-Language-Action Model Post-Training in Dexterous Manipulation

While Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated promising generalization capabilities in robotic manipulation, deploying them on specific and complex downstream tasks still demands effective post-training. In parallel, Human-in-the-Loop (HiL) learning has proven to be a powerful mechanism for refining robot policies. However, extending this paradigm to dexterous manipulation remains challenging: multi-finger control is high-dimensional, contact-intensive, and exhibits execution distributions that differ markedly from standard arm motions, leaving existing dexterous VLA systems limited in reliability and adaptability. We present DexHiL, the first integrated arm-hand human-in-the-loop framework for dexterous VLA models, enabling coordinated interventions over the arm and the dexterous hand within a single system. DexHiL introduces an intervention-aware data sampling strategy that prioritizes corrective segments for post-training, alongside a lightweight teleoperation interface that supports instantaneous human corrections during execution. Real-robot experiments demonstrate that DexHiL serves as an effective post-training framework, yielding a substantial performance leap, outperforming standard offline-only fine-tuning baselines by an average of 25% in success rates across distinct tasks. Project page: https://chenzhongxi-sjtu.github.io/dexhil/

Bimanual Grasp Synthesis for Dexterous Robot Hands

Humans naturally perform bimanual skills to handle large and heavy objects. To enhance robots' object manipulation capabilities, generating effective bimanual grasp poses is essential. Nevertheless, bimanual grasp synthesis for dexterous hand manipulators remains underexplored. To bridge this gap, we propose the BimanGrasp algorithm for synthesizing bimanual grasps on 3D objects. The BimanGrasp algorithm generates grasp poses by optimizing an energy function that considers grasp stability and feasibility. Furthermore, the synthesized grasps are verified using the Isaac Gym physics simulation engine. These verified grasp poses form the BimanGrasp-Dataset, the first large-scale synthesized bimanual dexterous hand grasp pose dataset to our knowledge. The dataset comprises over 150k verified grasps on 900 objects, facilitating the synthesis of bimanual grasps through a data-driven approach. Last, we propose BimanGrasp-DDPM, a diffusion model trained on the BimanGrasp-Dataset. This model achieved a grasp synthesis success rate of 69.87\% and significant acceleration in computational speed compared to BimanGrasp algorithm.