OSWorld2.0: Benchmarking Computer Use Agents on Long-Horizon Real-World Tasks

Existing computer-use benchmarks fail to capture the realism, complexity, and long-horizon demands of real-world computer use, limiting their ability to reveal the limitations of frontier agents. We introduce OSWorld 2.0, a benchmark of 108 long-horizon computer-use workflows across everyday and professional tasks, designed to capture complex and challenging real-world phenomena. Each task represents a realistic end-to-end workflow that takes human users a median of about 1.6 hours to complete and requires an average of 318 tool calls with Claude Opus 4.7 using maximum thinking, compared with about 30 in OSWorld 1.0. OSWorld 2.0 targets challenge phenomena that are common in real workflows yet underrepresented in prior benchmarks, spanning interaction-design challenges such as streaming interaction and dynamic environments, as well as agent-pattern challenges such as cross-source reasoning, implicit-state inference, and visual-spatial precision. Tasks are grounded in authentic input artifacts and cross-referenced against realistic stateful user profile data, and include separate safety reports auditing safety-sensitive execution. Under our primary binary-completion metric at 500 steps, Claude Opus 4.8 with maximum thinking and batched tool calls scores best but still completes only 20.6% of tasks at a 54.8% partial score; GPT-5.5 is far more token-efficient yet plateaus near 13%. These results show that current agents are still far from professional-level computer use: rather than stumbling on basic GUI control or coding, they lose track of constraints, miss information that arrives mid-task, guess rather than ask the user, and skip verification, struggling most when a task hinges on hidden state they must recover.

Measurement-Based Analysis of Outdoor Massive MIMO Channel Characteristics over FR3 Frequency Band

The Frequency Range 3 (FR3) band is attracting increasing attention due to limited lower-frequency spectrum and growing mobile communication demand. This study experimentally investigates channel characteristics in Urban Macro (UMa) scenarios at 8 GHz and 15 GHz using a large-scale MIMO platform with time-division multiplexing (TDM). Key parameters, including root mean square (RMS) delay spread (DS) and angular spread (AS), were extracted and compared with 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) TR 38.901. Results reveal clear frequency-dependent behaviors: RMS delay spread remains nearly constant under line of sight (LOS) but decreases from 8 GHz to 15 GHz in non-line of sight (NLOS), indicating reduced multipath dispersion at higher frequencies. Both azimuthal spreads (including ASA and ASD) and elevation spreads (including ESA and ESD) exhibit a corresponding decrease with increasing frequency, demonstrating a consistent trend towards more directional propagation across all angular domains. Capacity analysis indicates that the 15 GHz channel slightly outperforms 8 GHz in both LOS and NLOS scenarios due to more concentrated multipath energy and larger dominant singular values. Higher frequencies exhibit greater directionality, whereas lower frequencies provide broader multipath distributions and more stable performance, offering valuable guidance for multi-band MIMO modeling and 6G system design.

A Survey of New Mid-Band/FR3 for 6G: Channel Measurement, Characterization and Modeling in Outdoor Environment

The new mid-band (6-24 GHz) has attracted significant attention from both academia and industry, which is the spectrum with continuous bandwidth that combines the coverage benefits of low frequency with the capacity advantages of high frequency. Since outdoor environments represent the primary application scenario for mobile communications, this paper presents the first comprehensive review and summary of multi-scenario and multi-frequency channel characteristics based on extensive outdoor new mid-band channel measurement data, including UMa, UMi, and O2I. Specifically, a survey of the progress of the channel characteristics is presented, such as path loss, delay spread, angular spread, channel sparsity, capacity and near-field spatial non-stationary characteristics. Then, considering that satellite communication will be an important component of future communication systems, we examine the impact of clutter loss in air-ground communications. Our analysis of the frequency dependence of mid-band clutter loss suggests that its impact is not significant. Additionally, given that penetration loss is frequency-dependent, we summarize its variation within the FR3 band. Based on experimental results, comparisons with the standard model reveal that while the 3GPP TR 38.901 model remains a useful reference for penetration loss in wood and glass, it shows significant deviations for concrete and glass, indicating the need for further refinement. In summary, the findings of this survey provide both empirical data and theoretical support for the deployment of mid-band in future communication systems, as well as guidance for optimizing mid-band base station deployment in the outdoor environment. This survey offers the reference for improving standard models and advancing channel modeling.