PagPassGPT: Pattern Guided Password Guessing via Generative Pretrained Transformer

Amidst the surge in deep learning-based password guessing models, challenges of generating high-quality passwords and reducing duplicate passwords persist. To address these challenges, we present PagPassGPT, a password guessing model constructed on Generative Pretrained Transformer (GPT). It can perform pattern guided guessing by incorporating pattern structure information as background knowledge, resulting in a significant increase in the hit rate. Furthermore, we propose D&C-GEN to reduce the repeat rate of generated passwords, which adopts the concept of a divide-and-conquer approach. The primary task of guessing passwords is recursively divided into non-overlapping subtasks. Each subtask inherits the knowledge from the parent task and predicts succeeding tokens. In comparison to the state-of-the-art model, our proposed scheme exhibits the capability to correctly guess 12% more passwords while producing 25% fewer duplicates.

Arrhenius.jl: A Differentiable Combustion SimulationPackage

Combustion kinetic modeling is an integral part of combustion simulation, and extensive studies have been devoted to developing both high fidelity and computationally affordable models. Despite these efforts, modeling combustion kinetics is still challenging due to the demand for expert knowledge and optimization against experiments, as well as the lack of understanding of the associated uncertainties. Therefore, data-driven approaches that enable efficient discovery and calibration of kinetic models have received much attention in recent years, the core of which is the optimization based on big data. Differentiable programming is a promising approach for learning kinetic models from data by efficiently computing the gradient of objective functions to model parameters. However, it is often challenging to implement differentiable programming in practice. Therefore, it is still not available in widely utilized combustion simulation packages such as CHEMKIN and Cantera. Here, we present a differentiable combustion simulation package leveraging the eco-system in Julia, including DifferentialEquations.jl for solving differential equations, ForwardDiff.jl for auto-differentiation, and Flux.jl for incorporating neural network models into combustion simulations and optimizing neural network models using the state-of-the-art deep learning optimizers. We demonstrate the benefits of differentiable programming in efficient and accurate gradient computations, with applications in uncertainty quantification, kinetic model reduction, data assimilation, and model discovery.