Deep Joint Source Channel Coding With Attention Modules Over MIMO Channels

In this paper, we propose two deep joint source and channel coding (DJSCC) structures with attention modules for the multi-input multi-output (MIMO) channel, including a serial structure and a parallel structure. With singular value decomposition (SVD)-based precoding scheme, the MIMO channel can be decomposed into various sub-channels, and the feature outputs will experience sub-channels with different channel qualities. In the serial structure, one single network is used at both the transmitter and the receiver to jointly process data streams of all MIMO subchannels, while data steams of different MIMO subchannels are processed independently via multiple sub-networks in the parallel structure. The attention modules in both serial and parallel architectures enable the system to adapt to varying channel qualities and adjust the quantity of information outputs in accordance with the channel qualities. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed DJSCC structures have improved image transmission performance, and reveal the phenomenon via non-parameter entropy estimation that the learned DJSCC transceivers tend to transmit more information over better sub-channels.

Driving behavior-guided battery health monitoring for electric vehicles using machine learning

An accurate estimation of the state of health (SOH) of batteries is critical to ensuring the safe and reliable operation of electric vehicles (EVs). Feature-based machine learning methods have exhibited enormous potential for rapidly and precisely monitoring battery health status. However, simultaneously using various health indicators (HIs) may weaken estimation performance due to feature redundancy. Furthermore, ignoring real-world driving behaviors can lead to inaccurate estimation results as some features are rarely accessible in practical scenarios. To address these issues, we proposed a feature-based machine learning pipeline for reliable battery health monitoring, enabled by evaluating the acquisition probability of features under real-world driving conditions. We first summarized and analyzed various individual HIs with mechanism-related interpretations, which provide insightful guidance on how these features relate to battery degradation modes. Moreover, all features were carefully evaluated and screened based on estimation accuracy and correlation analysis on three public battery degradation datasets. Finally, the scenario-based feature fusion and acquisition probability-based practicality evaluation method construct a useful tool for feature extraction with consideration of driving behaviors. This work highlights the importance of balancing the performance and practicality of HIs during the development of feature-based battery health monitoring algorithms.