Disambiguation in Conversational Question Answering in the Era of LLM: A Survey

Ambiguity remains a fundamental challenge in Natural Language Processing (NLP) due to the inherent complexity and flexibility of human language. With the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), addressing ambiguity has become even more critical due to their expanded capabilities and applications. In the context of Conversational Question Answering (CQA), this paper explores the definition, forms, and implications of ambiguity for language driven systems, particularly in the context of LLMs. We define key terms and concepts, categorize various disambiguation approaches enabled by LLMs, and provide a comparative analysis of their advantages and disadvantages. We also explore publicly available datasets for benchmarking ambiguity detection and resolution techniques and highlight their relevance for ongoing research. Finally, we identify open problems and future research directions, proposing areas for further investigation. By offering a comprehensive review of current research on ambiguities and disambiguation with LLMs, we aim to contribute to the development of more robust and reliable language systems.

HierTOD: A Task-Oriented Dialogue System Driven by Hierarchical Goals

Task-Oriented Dialogue (TOD) systems assist users in completing tasks through natural language interactions, often relying on a single-layered workflow structure for slot-filling in public tasks, such as hotel bookings. However, in enterprise environments, which involve rich domain-specific knowledge, TOD systems face challenges due to task complexity and the lack of standardized documentation. In this work, we introduce HierTOD, an enterprise TOD system driven by hierarchical goals and can support composite workflows. By focusing on goal-driven interactions, our system serves a more proactive role, facilitating mixed-initiative dialogue and improving task completion. Equipped with components for natural language understanding, composite goal retriever, dialogue management, and response generation, backed by a well-organized data service with domain knowledge base and retrieval engine, HierTOD delivers efficient task assistance. Furthermore, our system implementation unifies two TOD paradigms: slot-filling for information collection and step-by-step guidance for task execution. Our human study demonstrates the effectiveness and helpfulness of HierTOD in performing both paradigms.

Data-driven Analytics for Business Architectures: Proposed Use of Graph Theory

Business Architecture (BA) plays a significant role in helping organizations understand enterprise structures and processes, and align them with strategic objectives. However, traditional BAs are represented in fixed structure with static model elements and fail to dynamically capture business insights based on internal and external data. To solve this problem, this paper introduces the graph theory into BAs with aim of building extensible data-driven analytics and automatically generating business insights. We use IBM's Component Business Model (CBM) as an example to illustrate various ways in which graph theory can be leveraged for data-driven analytics, including what and how business insights can be obtained. Future directions for applying graph theory to business architecture analytics are discussed.