Xiaomi-GUI-0 Technical Report

Graphical user interface (GUI) agents build on vision-language models to complete user tasks end-to-end in real applications through interface actions such as tapping, swiping, text entry, and navigation. However, existing GUI agents are trained and evaluated largely on offline trajectories, simulated environments, and standardized benchmarks. These differ substantially from real applications in interface layout, interaction logic, and abnormal-state distribution, and cannot faithfully characterize execution stability in real-world use, where account states, permission dialogs, payment authentication, and risk control continually reshape the state distribution and open a persistent gap between benchmark scores and real usability. To close this gap, we propose Xiaomi-GUI-0, a native multimodal GUI agent for real mobile environments, trained and evaluated within a real-device closed loop. At its core is a real-device-dominant hybrid infrastructure, where physical devices are the primary execution environment and sandboxes provide auxiliary support, so that data collection, training, rollout, and evaluation share an execution distribution close to real deployment. We construct multi-source training data spanning high-frequency head tasks, high-generalization data for long-tail intents, and capability-enhancement data for reflection and memory, and introduce an error-driven data flywheel that turns failure trajectories into corrected actions, reflective explanations, and recovery demonstrations. The model is trained through a progressive three-stage pipeline of supervised fine-tuning, step-level reinforcement learning, and agentic reinforcement learning. Evaluated on public benchmarks and our in-house RealMobile, Xiaomi-GUI-0 achieves 72.0% success on RealMobile and 78.9% on AndroidWorld, while substantially improving execution stability and abnormal-state recognition in real-world tasks.

Adaptive $c_2$-Perturbed AFDM Waveform Design for Integrated Sensing and Communication

Affine frequency division multiplexing (AFDM) is a promising waveform for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems owing to its superior performance in time--frequency doubly dispersive channels. However, AFDM still faces a pair of challenges: high PAPR and random data symbols produce imperfect autocorrelation sidelobes. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a real-time data-driven framework that optimizes the pre-chirp parameter $c_2$ to enhance the AFDM-ISAC performance. Specifically, a side-information-free optimization problem is formulated to reduce PAPR and the weighted integrated sidelobe levels of both aperiodic and periodic autocorrelation functions, with complexity comparable to that of the conventional AFDM receiver. Furthermore, an efficient non-monotone line-search spectral projected-gradient algorithm is developed by exploiting closed-form gradients. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a superior sensing vs. communications trade-off and is capable of striking a promoted bit error rate performance in the presence of severe power amplifier nonlinearity.

DAFT-s-AFDM Enabled ISAC Systems: Ambiguity Function Analysis and Waveform Design

Discrete affine Fourier transform spread affine frequency division multiplexing (DAFT-s-AFDM) is a promising waveform for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) due to its low peak-to-average power ratio, robustness to Doppler shifts, and reduced multiuser interference in the uplink transmission. This paper presents a comprehensive ambiguity function (AF) analysis of DAFT-s-AFDM and derives the closed-form expression for the AF magnitude expectation. Several key insights into the impact of DAFT-s-AFDM parameters on ISAC performance are revealed, thus providing concrete guidance for the subsequent waveform design. Building on these insights, a novel probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS) framework is proposed for ISAC waveform enhancement, where the communication throughput and the sensing AF characteristics are jointly optimized by addressing a multi-objective problem. An efficient algorithm based on a closed-form bit error rate expression is developed to obtain the Pareto-optimal solutions. Extensive simulations validate the theoretical results and that the proposed PCS-enhanced DAFT-s-AFDM can significantly outperform the classical counterparts, achieving a superior and highly controllable tradeoff between the dual-functional performances.

BTL-UI: Blink-Think-Link Reasoning Model for GUI Agent

In the field of AI-driven human-GUI interaction automation, while rapid advances in multimodal large language models and reinforcement fine-tuning techniques have yielded remarkable progress, a fundamental challenge persists: their interaction logic significantly deviates from natural human-GUI communication patterns. To fill this gap, we propose "Blink-Think-Link" (BTL), a brain-inspired framework for human-GUI interaction that mimics the human cognitive process between users and graphical interfaces. The system decomposes interactions into three biologically plausible phases: (1) Blink - rapid detection and attention to relevant screen areas, analogous to saccadic eye movements; (2) Think - higher-level reasoning and decision-making, mirroring cognitive planning; and (3) Link - generation of executable commands for precise motor control, emulating human action selection mechanisms. Additionally, we introduce two key technical innovations for the BTL framework: (1) Blink Data Generation - an automated annotation pipeline specifically optimized for blink data, and (2) BTL Reward -- the first rule-based reward mechanism that enables reinforcement learning driven by both process and outcome. Building upon this framework, we develop a GUI agent model named BTL-UI, which demonstrates consistent state-of-the-art performance across both static GUI understanding and dynamic interaction tasks in comprehensive benchmarks. These results provide conclusive empirical validation of the framework's efficacy in developing advanced GUI Agents.