A Systematic Classification of Knowledge, Reasoning, and Context within the ARC Dataset

The recent work of Clark et al. introduces the AI2 Reasoning Challenge (ARC) and the associated ARC dataset that partitions open domain, complex science questions into an Easy Set and a Challenge Set. That paper includes an analysis of 100 questions with respect to the types of knowledge and reasoning required to answer them; however, it does not include clear definitions of these types, nor does it offer information about the quality of the labels. We propose a comprehensive set of definitions of knowledge and reasoning types necessary for answering the questions in the ARC dataset. Using ten annotators and a sophisticated annotation interface, we analyze the distribution of labels across the Challenge Set and statistics related to them. Additionally, we demonstrate that although naive information retrieval methods return sentences that are irrelevant to answering the query, sufficient supporting text is often present in the (ARC) corpus. Evaluating with human-selected relevant sentences improves the performance of a neural machine comprehension model by 42 points.

Modified Apriori Graph Algorithm for Frequent Pattern Mining

Web Usage Mining is an application of Data Mining Techniques to discover interesting usage patterns from web data in order to understand and better serve the needs of web-based applications. The paper proposes an algorithm for finding these usage patterns using a modified version of Apriori Algorithm called Apriori-Graph. These rules will help service providers to predict, which web pages, the user is likely to visit next. This will optimize the website in terms of efficiency, bandwidth and will have positive economic benefits for them. The proposed Apriori Graph Algorithm O((V)(E)) works faster compared to the existing Apriori Algorithm and is well suitable for real-time application.