Interpreting Pretrained Speech Models for Automatic Speech Assessment of Voice Disorders

Speech contains information that is clinically relevant to some diseases, which has the potential to be used for health assessment. Recent work shows an interest in applying deep learning algorithms, especially pretrained large speech models to the applications of Automatic Speech Assessment. One question that has not been explored is how these models output the results based on their inputs. In this work, we train and compare two configurations of Audio Spectrogram Transformer in the context of Voice Disorder Detection and apply the attention rollout method to produce model relevance maps, the computed relevance of the spectrogram regions when the model makes predictions. We use these maps to analyse how models make predictions in different conditions and to show that the spread of attention is reduced as a model is finetuned, and the model attention is concentrated on specific phoneme regions.

Mobile Supply: The Last Piece of Jigsaw of Recommender System

Recommendation system is a fundamental functionality of online platforms. With the development of computing power of mobile phones, some researchers have deployed recommendation algorithms on users' mobile devices to address the problems of data transmission delay and pagination trigger mechanism. However, the existing edge-side mobile rankings cannot completely solve the problem of pagination trigger mechanism. The mobile ranking can only sort the items on the current page, and the fixed set of candidate items limits the performance of the mobile ranking. Besides, after the user has viewed the items of interest to the user on the current page, the user refresh to get a new page of items. This will affect the user's immersive experience because the user is not satisfied with the left items on the current page. In order to address the problem of pagination trigger mechanism, we propose a completely new module in the pipeline of recommender system named Mobile Supply. The pipeline of recommender system is extended to "retrival->pre-ranking->ranking->re-ranking->Mobile Supply->mobile ranking". Specifically, we introduce the concept of list value and use point-wise paradigm to approximate list-wise estimation to calculate the maximum revenue that can be achieved by mobile ranking for the current page. We also design a new mobile ranking approach named device-aware mobile ranking considering the differences of mobile devices tailored to the new pipeline. Extensive offline and online experiments show the superiority of our proposed method and prove that Mobile Supply can further improve the performance of edge-side recommender system and user experience. Mobile Supply has been deployed on the homepage of a large-scale online food platform and has yielded considerable profits in our business.

ESMC: Entire Space Multi-Task Model for Post-Click Conversion Rate via Parameter Constraint

Large-scale online recommender system spreads all over the Internet being in charge of two basic tasks: Click-Through Rate (CTR) and Post-Click Conversion Rate (CVR) estimations. However, traditional CVR estimators suffer from well-known Sample Selection Bias and Data Sparsity issues. Entire space models were proposed to address the two issues via tracing the decision-making path of "exposure_click_purchase". Further, some researchers observed that there are purchase-related behaviors between click and purchase, which can better draw the user's decision-making intention and improve the recommendation performance. Thus, the decision-making path has been extended to "exposure_click_in-shop action_purchase" and can be modeled with conditional probability approach. Nevertheless, we observe that the chain rule of conditional probability does not always hold. We report Probability Space Confusion (PSC) issue and give a derivation of difference between ground-truth and estimation mathematically. We propose a novel Entire Space Multi-Task Model for Post-Click Conversion Rate via Parameter Constraint (ESMC) and two alternatives: Entire Space Multi-Task Model with Siamese Network (ESMS) and Entire Space Multi-Task Model in Global Domain (ESMG) to address the PSC issue. Specifically, we handle "exposure_click_in-shop action" and "in-shop action_purchase" separately in the light of characteristics of in-shop action. The first path is still treated with conditional probability while the second one is treated with parameter constraint strategy. Experiments on both offline and online environments in a large-scale recommendation system illustrate the superiority of our proposed methods over state-of-the-art models. The real-world datasets will be released.