RareLens: Towards End-to-End Rare Disease Care via Aligning Divergent Large Language Model Reasoning

Rare diseases collectively affect an estimated 3.5% to 5.9% of the population, yet more than 70% of patients are misdiagnosed and many endure years of evaluation before a diagnosis is reached, because early presentations are nonspecific and relevant expertise is scarce and unevenly distributed. Artificial intelligence could provide support, but existing systems address isolated stages of care, overwhelmingly diagnosis. They typically depend on the results of downstream investigations, and they treat the variability between models as noise to be eliminated. Here we present RareLens, a system that supports clinical decision-making across the entire rare disease trajectory by exploiting this variability. When heterogeneous large language models evaluate the same case, they generate divergent but complementary reasoning, which RareLens aligns and calibrates into a single convergent, actionable decision at each stage. Four coordinated modules perform primary-visit risk screening, diagnosis, treatment planning and prognosis. Developed and evaluated on RareBench, a real-world dataset of 157,525 cases spanning all 33 Orphanet categories and more than 7,000 conditions, RareLens outperformed every frontier model tested, including GPT-5, DeepSeek-R1, Claude-3.7-Sonnet and Gemini-2.5-Pro, at each stage. It achieved an area under the curve of 0.917 for screening and top-1 accuracies of 65.5% and 89.8% for diagnosis and treatment. In an external study spanning 1,287 cases and 23 physicians, autonomous RareLens and physicians assisted by RareLens both substantially outperformed unaided physicians. These findings indicate that aligning divergent model reasoning, rather than scaling a single model, offers a generalizable strategy for high-uncertainty clinical decision-making.

Simulating Organized Group Behavior: New Framework, Benchmark, and Analysis

Simulating how organized groups (e.g., corporations) make decisions (e.g., responding to a competitor's move) is essential for understanding real-world dynamics and could benefit relevant applications (e.g., market prediction). In this paper, we formalize this problem as a concrete research platform for group behavior understanding, providing: (1) a task definition with benchmark and evaluation criteria, (2) a structured analytical framework with a corresponding algorithm, and (3) detailed temporal and cross-group analysis. Specifically, we propose Organized Group Behavior Simulation, a task that models organized groups as collective entities from a practical perspective: given a group facing a particular situation (e.g., AI Boom), predict the decision it would take. To support this task, we present GROVE (GRoup Organizational BehaVior Evaluation), a benchmark covering 44 entities with 8,052 real-world context-decision pairs collected from Wikipedia and TechCrunch across 9 domains, with an end-to-end evaluation protocol assessing consistency, initiative, scope, magnitude, and horizon. Beyond straightforward prompting pipelines, we propose a structured analytical framework that converts collective decision-making events into an interpretable, adaptive, and traceable behavioral model, achieving stronger performance than summarization- and retrieval-based baselines. It further introduces an adapter mechanism for time-aware evolution and group-aware transfer, and traceable evidence nodes grounding each decision rule in originating historical events. Our analysis reveals temporal behavioral drift within individual groups, which the time-aware adapter effectively captures for stronger prediction, and structured cross-group similarity that enables knowledge transfer for data-scarce organizations.

SAFEFLOW: A Principled Protocol for Trustworthy and Transactional Autonomous Agent Systems

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs) have enabled powerful autonomous agents capable of complex reasoning and multi-modal tool use. Despite their growing capabilities, today's agent frameworks remain fragile, lacking principled mechanisms for secure information flow, reliability, and multi-agent coordination. In this work, we introduce SAFEFLOW, a new protocol-level framework for building trustworthy LLM/VLM-based agents. SAFEFLOW enforces fine-grained information flow control (IFC), precisely tracking provenance, integrity, and confidentiality of all the data exchanged between agents, tools, users, and environments. By constraining LLM reasoning to respect these security labels, SAFEFLOW prevents untrusted or adversarial inputs from contaminating high-integrity decisions. To ensure robustness in concurrent multi-agent settings, SAFEFLOW introduces transactional execution, conflict resolution, and secure scheduling over shared state, preserving global consistency across agents. We further introduce mechanisms, including write-ahead logging, rollback, and secure caches, that further enhance resilience against runtime errors and policy violations. To validate the performances, we built SAFEFLOWBENCH, a comprehensive benchmark suite designed to evaluate agent reliability under adversarial, noisy, and concurrent operational conditions. Extensive experiments demonstrate that agents built with SAFEFLOW maintain impressive task performance and security guarantees even in hostile environments, substantially outperforming state-of-the-art. Together, SAFEFLOW and SAFEFLOWBENCH lay the groundwork for principled, robust, and secure agent ecosystems, advancing the frontier of reliable autonomy.