Safe Autoregressive Image Generation with Iterative Self-Improving Codebooks

Unlike diffusion-based models that operate in continuous latent spaces, autoregressive unified multimodal models produce images by sequentially predicting discretized visual tokens. These tokens are derived from a codebook that maps embeddings to quantized visual patterns. The language-like architecture enables unified multimodal models to effectively capture text conditional information for generation, making them promising for text-to-image tasks. This also raises an interesting question: how safe are the images generated in such an autoregressive way? In this work, we propose iterative self-improving codebooks for safe autoregressive generation. We leverage the understanding and judgment capabilities of the unified multimodal model itself to identify unsafe generated images without human annotation. Subsequently, the inherent representations in the codebook are fixed to eliminate harmful mappings. Our method comprises two steps: first, we use the unified model to identify unsafe generations and construct corresponding harmful and safe image-text pairs. These pairs are used to construct the Harmful Space and guide updates to the codebook, thereby eliminating harmful outputs. Second, we perform adaptive fine-tuning on the codebook within the harmless space using safe image-text pairs to ensure the quality of generated images. These two steps are repeated until no further improvement is observed, producing a safety-enhanced model codebook. Without additional external feedback, the safety of models is improved iteratively.

DINO-Detect: A Simple yet Effective Framework for Blur-Robust AI-Generated Image Detection

With growing concerns over image authenticity and digital safety, the field of AI-generated image (AIGI) detection has progressed rapidly. Yet, most AIGI detectors still struggle under real-world degradations, particularly motion blur, which frequently occurs in handheld photography, fast motion, and compressed video. Such blur distorts fine textures and suppresses high-frequency artifacts, causing severe performance drops in real-world settings. We address this limitation with a blur-robust AIGI detection framework based on teacher-student knowledge distillation. A high-capacity teacher (DINOv3), trained on clean (i.e., sharp) images, provides stable and semantically rich representations that serve as a reference for learning. By freezing the teacher to maintain its generalization ability, we distill its feature and logit responses from sharp images to a student trained on blurred counterparts, enabling the student to produce consistent representations under motion degradation. Extensive experiments benchmarks show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance under both motion-blurred and clean conditions, demonstrating improved generalization and real-world applicability. Source codes will be released at: https://github.com/JiaLiangShen/Dino-Detect-for-blur-robust-AIGC-Detection.