A manometric feature descriptor with linear-SVM to distinguish esophageal contraction vigor

n clinical, if a patient presents with nonmechanical obstructive dysphagia, esophageal chest pain, and gastro esophageal reflux symptoms, the physician will usually assess the esophageal dynamic function. High-resolution manometry (HRM) is a clinically commonly used technique for detection of esophageal dynamic function comprehensively and objectively. However, after the results of HRM are obtained, doctors still need to evaluate by a variety of parameters. This work is burdensome, and the process is complex. We conducted image processing of HRM to predict the esophageal contraction vigor for assisting the evaluation of esophageal dynamic function. Firstly, we used Feature-Extraction and Histogram of Gradients (FE-HOG) to analyses feature of proposal of swallow (PoS) to further extract higher-order features. Then we determine the classification of esophageal contraction vigor normal, weak and failed by using linear-SVM according to these features. Our data set includes 3000 training sets, 500 validation sets and 411 test sets. After verification our accuracy reaches 86.83%, which is higher than other common machine learning methods.

An interpretable imbalanced semi-supervised deep learning framework for improving differential diagnosis of skin diseases

Dermatological diseases are among the most common disorders worldwide. This paper presents the first study of the interpretability and imbalanced semi-supervised learning of the multiclass intelligent skin diagnosis framework (ISDL) using 58,457 skin images with 10,857 unlabeled samples. Pseudo-labelled samples from minority classes have a higher probability at each iteration of class-rebalancing self-training, thereby promoting the utilization of unlabeled samples to solve the class imbalance problem. Our ISDL achieved a promising performance with an accuracy of 0.979, sensitivity of 0.975, specificity of 0.973, macro-F1 score of 0.974 and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.999 for multi-label skin disease classification. The Shapley Additive explanation (SHAP) method is combined with our ISDL to explain how the deep learning model makes predictions. This finding is consistent with the clinical diagnosis. We also proposed a sampling distribution optimisation strategy to select pseudo-labelled samples in a more effective manner using ISDLplus. Furthermore, it has the potential to relieve the pressure placed on professional doctors, as well as help with practical issues associated with a shortage of such doctors in rural areas.