FakeTracer: Proactively Defending Against Face-swap DeepFakes via Implanting Traces in Training

Face-swap DeepFake is an emerging AI-based face forgery technique that can replace the original face in a video with a generated face of the target identity while retaining consistent facial attributes such as expression and orientation. Due to the high privacy of faces, the misuse of this technique can raise severe social concerns, drawing tremendous attention to defend against DeepFakes recently. In this paper, we describe a new proactive defense method called FakeTracer to expose face-swap DeepFakes via implanting traces in training. Compared to general face-synthesis DeepFake, the face-swap DeepFake is more complex as it involves identity change, is subjected to the encoding-decoding process, and is trained unsupervised, increasing the difficulty of implanting traces into the training phase. To effectively defend against face-swap DeepFake, we design two types of traces, sustainable trace (STrace) and erasable trace (ETrace), to be added to training faces. During the training, these manipulated faces affect the learning of the face-swap DeepFake model, enabling it to generate faces that only contain sustainable traces. In light of these two traces, our method can effectively expose DeepFakes by identifying them. Extensive experiments are conducted on the Celeb-DF dataset, compared with recent passive and proactive defense methods, and are studied thoroughly regarding various factors, corroborating the efficacy of our method on defending against face-swap DeepFake.

DeepFake-o-meter: An Open Platform for DeepFake Detection

In recent years, the advent of deep learning-based techniques and the significant reduction in the cost of computation resulted in the feasibility of creating realistic videos of human faces, commonly known as DeepFakes. The availability of open-source tools to create DeepFakes poses as a threat to the trustworthiness of the online media. In this work, we develop an open-source online platform, known as DeepFake-o-meter, that integrates state-of-the-art DeepFake detection methods and provide a convenient interface for the users. We describe the design and function of DeepFake-o-meter in this work.

Landmark Breaker: Obstructing DeepFake By Disturbing Landmark Extraction

The recent development of Deep Neural Networks (DNN) has significantly increased the realism of AI-synthesized faces, with the most notable examples being the DeepFakes. The DeepFake technology can synthesize a face of target subject from a face of another subject, while retains the same face attributes. With the rapidly increased social media portals (Facebook, Instagram, etc), these realistic fake faces rapidly spread though the Internet, causing a broad negative impact to the society. In this paper, we describe Landmark Breaker, the first dedicated method to disrupt facial landmark extraction, and apply it to the obstruction of the generation of DeepFake videos.Our motivation is that disrupting the facial landmark extraction can affect the alignment of input face so as to degrade the DeepFake quality. Our method is achieved using adversarial perturbations. Compared to the detection methods that only work after DeepFake generation, Landmark Breaker goes one step ahead to prevent DeepFake generation. The experiments are conducted on three state-of-the-art facial landmark extractors using the recent Celeb-DF dataset.

LandmarkGAN: Synthesizing Faces from Landmarks

Face synthesis is an important problem in computer vision with many applications. In this work, we describe a new method, namely LandmarkGAN, to synthesize faces based on facial landmarks as input. Facial landmarks are a natural, intuitive, and effective representation for facial expressions and orientations, which are independent from the target's texture or color and background scene. Our method is able to transform a set of facial landmarks into new faces of different subjects, while retains the same facial expression and orientation. Experimental results on face synthesis and reenactments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.

Celeb-DF: A New Dataset for DeepFake Forensics

AI-synthesized face swapping videos, commonly known as the DeepFakes, have become an emerging problem recently. Correspondingly, there is an increasing interest in developing algorithms that can detect them. However, existing dataset of DeepFake videos suffer from low visual quality and abundant artifacts that do not reflect the reality of DeepFake videos circulated on the Internet. In this work, we present a new DeepFake dataset, Celeb-DF, for the development and evaluation of DeepFake detection algorithms. The Celeb-DF dataset is generated using a refined synthesis algorithm that reduces the visual artifacts observed in existing datasets. Based on the Celeb-DF dataset, we also benchmark existing DeepFake detection algorithms.