Meta-Black-Box Optimization with Ensemble Surrogate Modeling for Robustness-Accuracy Trade-off within SAEA

Surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithms (SAEAs) have been widely used for expensive black-box optimization problems. However, their reliance on rigid and manually designed components limits their flexibility and generalization across tasks. Meta-black-box optimization (MetaBBO) provides a promising paradigm for adaptively configuring algorithmic components. Nevertheless, existing MetaBBO methods usually control only a single component, and few studies have investigated the unified control of multi-component optimizers such as SAEAs. Moreover, the robustness-accuracy trade-off in surrogate modeling, which is crucial for stable early-stage exploration and accurate late-stage exploitation, has rarely been explicitly considered. To address these issues, we propose AdaE-SAEA, an adaptive ensemble surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithm for expensive multi-objective optimization. AdaE-SAEA embeds SAEA as the low-level optimizer within the MetaBBO framework and jointly controls the infill criterion and ensemble-based surrogate modeling. Specifically, bagging and boosting are designed as surrogate modeling modules to adaptively balance robustness and accuracy across different search phases, while the meta-policy simultaneously selects the infill criterion to enable adaptive sampling decisions. The meta-policy is trained through reinforcement learning with parallel sampling and centralized training, improving both training efficiency and transferability. Experiments on synthetic and real-world problems demonstrate that AdaE-SAEA outperforms state-of-the-art baselines and MetaBBO-based methods. We further verify the effectiveness of TabPFN as the base surrogate model for ensemble learning. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to unify the control of surrogate modeling and infill criteria in SAEAs while explicitly addressing the robustness--accuracy trade-off.

Meta-Black-Box Optimization with Bi-Space Landscape Analysis and Dual-Control Mechanism for SAEA

Surrogate-Assisted Evolutionary Algorithms (SAEAs) are widely used for expensive Black-Box Optimization. However, their reliance on rigid, manually designed components such as infill criteria and evolutionary strategies during the search process limits their flexibility across tasks. To address these limitations, we propose Dual-Control Bi-Space Surrogate-Assisted Evolutionary Algorithm (DB-SAEA), a Meta-Black-Box Optimization (MetaBBO) framework tailored for multi-objective problems. DB-SAEA learns a meta-policy that jointly regulates candidate generation and infill criterion selection, enabling dual control. The bi-space Exploratory Landscape Analysis (ELA) module in DB-SAEA adopts an attention-based architecture to capture optimization states from both true and surrogate evaluation spaces, while ensuring scalability across problem dimensions, population sizes, and objectives. Additionally, we integrate TabPFN as the surrogate model for accurate and efficient prediction with uncertainty estimation. The framework is trained via reinforcement learning, leveraging parallel sampling and centralized training to enhance efficiency and transferability across tasks. Experimental results demonstrate that DB-SAEA not only outperforms state-of-the-art baselines across diverse benchmarks, but also exhibits strong zero-shot transfer to unseen tasks with higher-dimensional settings. This work introduces the first MetaBBO framework with dual-level control over SAEAs and a bi-space ELA that captures surrogate model information.