Identifiability of Relational Queries in Multi-View Pretraining

When data sources are integrated through a shared interface, a downstream query may or may not be determined by what the interface exposes: two globally consistent worlds can agree on every shared attribute yet disagree on the query answer. This ambiguity is structural -- a property of the interface design, not the data volume -- and cannot be resolved by collecting more records or training a larger model. We formalize query identifiability for data integration under interface laws (functional dependencies that hold uniformly across all legal worlds rather than within a single instance) and prove three results. (i) A polynomial-time certificate (CheckCert) decides identifiability via attribute closure, and is exact on instances that expose any residual ambiguity (closure-separable). (ii) Non-identifiable queries face an irreducible 1/2 minimax error floor for any estimator using only interface evidence, bounding multi-view pretraining systems from below. (iii) A minimum-augmentation algorithm (Greedy-MinAug) finds the smallest set of interface additions to certify a query, reducing to Set Cover (logarithmic approximation). Experiments on synthetic benchmarks, real integration datasets spanning three domains (scholarly, product, restaurant), and schemas up to 10^3 attributes confirm CheckCert is exact, both algorithms run in single-digit milliseconds, and ML classifiers exhibit the predicted error floor and abrupt capability gains.

Compositional Boundaries for Density Fusion

Distributed uncertainty-management systems often combine local probabilistic models along aggregation trees chosen by communication, privacy, or scheduling constraints. The final density should depend on the weighted sources, not on the particular order in which intermediate nodes combine them. We study this requirement as an algebraic compositionality problem for binary fusion of weighted probability densities. The central question is when a local fusion rule can be executed hierarchically while remaining order-invariant. We establish a compositional boundary for local segment-valued fusion rules. Within the class of continuous binary rules with additive output weights and weight-only coefficients, order-invariant hierarchical execution characterizes normalized weighted linear pooling; norm-induced segment balancing realizes the corresponding coefficient. Smooth endpoint-to-candidate $f$-divergence balancing has a different local geometry: its quadratic expansion induces square-root effective weights, showing why pairwise solvability alone is insufficient for schedule-independent fusion. We show that this obstruction is local to endpoint-to-candidate binary balancing, whereas global divergence barycenters retain additive-weight local limits. Finally, Gaussian mixtures show how the same issue appears in finite model classes: exact fusion is compositional, whereas stepwise compression is compositional only under a congruence condition on unnormalized component measures. These results distinguish exact schedule-independent fusion from global aggregation objectives and local approximation heuristics.

KAPPS: A knowledge-based CPPS Architecture for the Circular Factory

While linear manufacturing relies on homogeneous materials and predefined process sequences, circular manufacturing reintroduces used products with heterogeneous and uncertain conditions. This shift demands manufacturing systems capable of handling variable product states, dynamically reconfigurable processes, and the integration of human and machine knowledge. Conventional manufacturing IT architectures, designed for stable structures and deterministic execution, are unable to meet these requirements, as they cannot adequately represent and manage the uniqueness of individual components at runtime. Following a design science methodology for developing a Cyber Physical Production System for circular manufacturing, we derive 14 requirements from five complementary perspectives. Based on these requirements, we design KAPPS, a knowledge-based architecture that uses an ontology-grounded knowledge graph as a unifying data backbone, combined with a semantic interface layer to enable consistent data and information integration, reasoning, and communication across heterogeneous systems and services, turning the knowledge graph from an integration layer into the factories authoritative write-time state. KAPPS incorporates modules for constraint enforcement and event-driven planning, enabling incremental adaptation of execution plans under uncertainty and human-machine knowledge exchange. The applicability of KAPPS is demonstrated through two implemented use cases: (i) Anomaly detection and learning through knowledge graph mediated services and (ii) runtime constraint enforcement in a modular conveyor system. Subsequently, the architecture is evaluated against the 14 requirements (ed. abstract shortened)

Leveraging Graph Structure in Seq2Seq Models for Knowledge Graph Link Prediction

We introduce Graph-Augmented Sequence-to-Sequence (GA-S2S), a novel framework that integrates a T5-small encoder-decoder with a Relational Graph Attention Network (RGAT) to improve link prediction in knowledge graphs. While existing Seq2Seq models rely solely on surface-level textual descriptions of entities and relations and at best, flatten the neighborhoods of a query entity into a single linear sequence, thereby discarding the inherent graph structure, GA-S2S jointly encodes both textual features and the full $k$-hop subgraph topology surrounding the query entity. By integrating raw encoder outputs with RGAT's relation-aware embeddings, our model captures and leverages richer multi-hop relational patterns and textual information. Our preliminary experiments on the CoDEx dataset demonstrate that GA-S2S outperforms competitive Seq2Seq-based baseline models, achieving up to a 19\% relative gain in link prediction accuracy.