NGS-Marker: Robust Native Watermarking for 3D Gaussian Splatting

With the rapid development and adoption of 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS), the need for effective copyright protection has become increasingly critical. Existing watermarking techniques for 3DGS mainly focus on protecting rendered images via pre-trained decoders, leaving the underlying 3D Gaussian primitives vulnerable to misuse. In particular, they are ineffective against Partial Infringement, where an adversary extracts and reuses only a subset of Gaussians. In this paper, we propose NGS-Marker, a novel native watermarking framework for 3DGS. It integrates a jointly trained watermark injector and message decoder, and employs a gradientbased progressive injection strategy to ensure full-scene coverage. This enables robust ownership decoding from any local region. We further extend NGS-Marker with hybrid protection (combining native and indirect watermarks) and support for multimodal watermarking. Extensive experiments demonstrate that NGS-Marker effectively defends against partial infringement while offering practical flexibility for real-world deployment.

Variation-aware Flexible 3D Gaussian Editing

Indirect editing methods for 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) have recently witnessed significant advancements. These approaches operate by first applying edits in the rendered 2D space and subsequently projecting the modifications back into 3D. However, this paradigm inevitably introduces cross-view inconsistencies and constrains both the flexibility and efficiency of the editing process. To address these challenges, we present VF-Editor, which enables native editing of Gaussian primitives by predicting attribute variations in a feedforward manner. To accurately and efficiently estimate these variations, we design a novel variation predictor distilled from 2D editing knowledge. The predictor encodes the input to generate a variation field and employs two learnable, parallel decoding functions to iteratively infer attribute changes for each 3D Gaussian. Thanks to its unified design, VF-Editor can seamlessly distill editing knowledge from diverse 2D editors and strategies into a single predictor, allowing for flexible and effective knowledge transfer into the 3D domain. Extensive experiments on both public and private datasets reveal the inherent limitations of indirect editing pipelines and validate the effectiveness and flexibility of our approach.

Distilling Multi-view Diffusion Models into 3D Generators

We introduce DD3G, a formulation that Distills a multi-view Diffusion model (MV-DM) into a 3D Generator using gaussian splatting. DD3G compresses and integrates extensive visual and spatial geometric knowledge from the MV-DM by simulating its ordinary differential equation (ODE) trajectory, ensuring the distilled generator generalizes better than those trained solely on 3D data. Unlike previous amortized optimization approaches, we align the MV-DM and 3D generator representation spaces to transfer the teacher's probabilistic flow to the student, thus avoiding inconsistencies in optimization objectives caused by probabilistic sampling. The introduction of probabilistic flow and the coupling of various attributes in 3D Gaussians introduce challenges in the generation process. To tackle this, we propose PEPD, a generator consisting of Pattern Extraction and Progressive Decoding phases, which enables efficient fusion of probabilistic flow and converts a single image into 3D Gaussians within 0.06 seconds. Furthermore, to reduce knowledge loss and overcome sparse-view supervision, we design a joint optimization objective that ensures the quality of generated samples through explicit supervision and implicit verification. Leveraging existing 2D generation models, we compile 120k high-quality RGBA images for distillation. Experiments on synthetic and public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. Our project is available at: https://qinbaigao.github.io/DD3G_project/