ArtisanCAD: An Industrial-Level CAD Agent with Expert-Grounded Knowledge Distillation

Computer-aided design (CAD) for industrial components requires long-horizon procedural modeling, robust feature dependencies, editable parametric geometry, and production-grade B-Rep execution. Existing text-to-CAD methods have made promising progress in generating CAD programs from natural-language descriptions, but they still struggle when user prompts are ambiguous, underspecified, or only describe high-level design intent. They also rarely exploit expert procedural knowledge naturally available in industrial workflows, such as CATIA operation recordings, macro logs, drawing notes, and engineering descriptions. We present ArtisanCAD, a skill-guided industrial CAD agent with expert-grounded knowledge distillation. The core of ArtisanCAD is CAD intermediate representation (CAD-IR), an executable procedural representation that encodes parameters, ordered operations, MCP tool bindings, dependencies, generated entities, and verification rules. CAD-IR plays two key roles: it first serves as the carrier for distilling expert CAD procedures into reusable parameterized skills; then it provides a procedural scaffold that turns vague or intermediate-level prompts into complete executable CAD operations. ArtisanCAD retrieves expert-derived skills, instantiates and revises CAD-IR, executes the resulting procedure through a dedicated CATIA-MCP backend, and uses multi-view visual feedback for iterative refinement, and finally generates production-ready B-Rep models. On the Text2CAD benchmark, CAD-IR improves generation from intermediate prompts by reducing mean Chamfer Distance from $14.83$ to $9.88$, showing its ability to bridge ambiguous textual intent and executable CAD construction. On four complex automotive components, CAD-IR enables expert CATIA recordings to be distilled into reusable skills, allowing ArtisanCAD to generate editable CATIA-native B-Rep models for new variant requests.

An explainable operator approximation framework under the guideline of Green's function

Traditional numerical methods, such as the finite element method and finite volume method, adress partial differential equations (PDEs) by discretizing them into algebraic equations and solving these iteratively. However, this process is often computationally expensive and time-consuming. An alternative approach involves transforming PDEs into integral equations and solving them using Green's functions, which provide analytical solutions. Nevertheless, deriving Green's functions analytically is a challenging and non-trivial task, particularly for complex systems. In this study, we introduce a novel framework, termed GreensONet, which is constructed based on the strucutre of deep operator networks (DeepONet) to learn embedded Green's functions and solve PDEs via Green's integral formulation. Specifically, the Trunk Net within GreensONet is designed to approximate the unknown Green's functions of the system, while the Branch Net are utilized to approximate the auxiliary gradients of the Green's function. These outputs are subsequently employed to perform surface integrals and volume integrals, incorporating user-defined boundary conditions and source terms, respectively. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated on three types of PDEs in bounded domains: 3D heat conduction equations, reaction-diffusion equations, and Stokes equations. Comparative results in these cases demonstrate that GreenONet's accuracy and generalization ability surpass those of existing methods, including Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINN), DeepONet, Physics-Informed DeepONet (PI-DeepONet), and Fourier Neural Operators (FNO).