Bimanual XR Specification of Relative and Absolute Assembly Hierarchies for Teleoperation

We present a bimanual XR interaction approach for specifying remote assembly tasks as hierarchies of relative and absolute object constraints that specify high-level teleoperation goals for robots. Grabbing one object in each hand creates a constraint group (visualized as a hull) and groups can be nested into hierarchies. Each group can be relative (with a robot-specifiable 6DoF pose) or absolute (with an author-specified fixed 6DoF pose) in relation to its parent. A relative group specifies a subassembly that can be constructed at a location chosen by the robot software for efficiency rather than mandated by the user.

Scene Editing as Teleoperation: A Case Study in 6DoF Kit Assembly

Studies in robot teleoperation have been centered around action specifications -- from continuous joint control to discrete end-effector pose control. However, these robot-centric interfaces often require skilled operators with extensive robotics expertise. To make teleoperation accessible to non-expert users, we propose the framework "Scene Editing as Teleoperation" (SEaT), where the key idea is to transform the traditional "robot-centric" interface into a "scene-centric" interface -- instead of controlling the robot, users focus on specifying the task's goal by manipulating digital twins of the real-world objects. As a result, a user can perform teleoperation without any expert knowledge of the robot hardware. To achieve this goal, we utilize a category-agnostic scene-completion algorithm that translates the real-world workspace (with unknown objects) into a manipulable virtual scene representation and an action-snapping algorithm that refines the user input before generating the robot's action plan. To train the algorithms, we procedurally generated a large-scale, diverse kit-assembly dataset that contains object-kit pairs that mimic real-world object-kitting tasks. Our experiments in simulation and on a real-world system demonstrate that our framework improves both the efficiency and success rate for 6DoF kit-assembly tasks. A user study demonstrates that SEaT framework participants achieve a higher task success rate and report a lower subjective workload compared to an alternative robot-centric interface. Video can be found at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-NdR3mkPbQQ .