SemiMultiPose: A Semi-supervised Multi-animal Pose Estimation Framework

Multi-animal pose estimation is essential for studying animals' social behaviors in neuroscience and neuroethology. Advanced approaches have been proposed to support multi-animal estimation and achieve state-of-the-art performance. However, these models rarely exploit unlabeled data during training even though real world applications have exponentially more unlabeled frames than labeled frames. Manually adding dense annotations for a large number of images or videos is costly and labor-intensive, especially for multiple instances. Given these deficiencies, we propose a novel semi-supervised architecture for multi-animal pose estimation, leveraging the abundant structures pervasive in unlabeled frames in behavior videos to enhance training, which is critical for sparsely-labeled problems. The resulting algorithm will provide superior multi-animal pose estimation results on three animal experiments compared to the state-of-the-art baseline and exhibits more predictive power in sparsely-labeled data regimes.

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning as a Model of Human Task Interleaving

How do people decide how long to continue in a task, when to switch, and to which other task? Understanding the mechanisms that underpin task interleaving is a long-standing goal in the cognitive sciences. Prior work suggests greedy heuristics and a policy maximizing the marginal rate of return. However, it is unclear how such a strategy would allow for adaptation to everyday environments that offer multiple tasks with complex switch costs and delayed rewards. Here we develop a hierarchical model of supervisory control driven by reinforcement learning (RL). The supervisory level learns to switch using task-specific approximate utility estimates, which are computed on the lower level. A hierarchically optimal value function decomposition can be learned from experience, even in conditions with multiple tasks and arbitrary and uncertain reward and cost structures. The model reproduces known empirical effects of task interleaving. It yields better predictions of individual-level data than a myopic baseline in a six-task problem (N=211). The results support hierarchical RL as a plausible model of task interleaving.

Optimizing for Aesthetically Pleasing Quadrotor Camera Motion

In this paper we first contribute a large scale online study (N=400) to better understand aesthetic perception of aerial video. The results indicate that it is paramount to optimize smoothness of trajectories across all keyframes. However, for experts timing control remains an essential tool. Satisfying this dual goal is technically challenging because it requires giving up desirable properties in the optimization formulation. Second, informed by this study we propose a method that optimizes positional and temporal reference fit jointly. This allows to generate globally smooth trajectories, while retaining user control over reference timings. The formulation is posed as a variable, infinite horizon, contour-following algorithm. Finally, a comparative lab study indicates that our optimization scheme outperforms the state-of-the-art in terms of perceived usability and preference of resulting videos. For novices our method produces smoother and better looking results and also experts benefit from generated timings.

Airways: Optimization-Based Planning of Quadrotor Trajectories according to High-Level User Goals

In this paper we propose a computational design tool that al-lows end-users to create advanced quadrotor trajectories witha variety of application scenarios in mind. Our algorithm al-lows novice users to create quadrotor based use-cases withoutrequiring deep knowledge in either quadrotor control or theunderlying constraints of the target domain. To achieve thisgoal we propose an optimization-based method that gener-ates feasible trajectories which can be flown in the real world.Furthermore, the method incorporates high-level human ob-jectives into the planning of flight trajectories. An easy touse 3D design tool allows for quick specification and edit-ing of trajectories as well as for intuitive exploration of theresulting solution space. We demonstrate the utility of our ap-proach in several real-world application scenarios, includingaerial-videography, robotic light-painting and drone racing.