Fact-checking based fake news detection: a review

This paper reviews and summarizes the research results on fact-based fake news from the perspectives of tasks and problems, algorithm strategies, and datasets. First, the paper systematically explains the task definition and core problems of fact-based fake news detection. Second, the paper summarizes the existing detection methods based on the algorithm principles. Third, the paper analyzes the classic and newly proposed datasets in the field, and summarizes the experimental results on each dataset. Finally, the paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of existing methods, proposes several challenges that methods in this field may face, and looks forward to the next stage of research. It is hoped that this paper will provide reference for subsequent work in the field.

PROMPT-IML: Image Manipulation Localization with Pre-trained Foundation Models Through Prompt Tuning

Deceptive images can be shared in seconds with social networking services, posing substantial risks. Tampering traces, such as boundary artifacts and high-frequency information, have been significantly emphasized by massive networks in the Image Manipulation Localization (IML) field. However, they are prone to image post-processing operations, which limit the generalization and robustness of existing methods. We present a novel Prompt-IML framework. We observe that humans tend to discern the authenticity of an image based on both semantic and high-frequency information, inspired by which, the proposed framework leverages rich semantic knowledge from pre-trained visual foundation models to assist IML. We are the first to design a framework that utilizes visual foundation models specially for the IML task. Moreover, we design a Feature Alignment and Fusion module to align and fuse features of semantic features with high-frequency features, which aims at locating tampered regions from multiple perspectives. Experimental results demonstrate that our model can achieve better performance on eight typical fake image datasets and outstanding robustness.

Multi-modal Fake News Detection on Social Media via Multi-grained Information Fusion

The easy sharing of multimedia content on social media has caused a rapid dissemination of fake news, which threatens society's stability and security. Therefore, fake news detection has garnered extensive research interest in the field of social forensics. Current methods primarily concentrate on the integration of textual and visual features but fail to effectively exploit multi-modal information at both fine-grained and coarse-grained levels. Furthermore, they suffer from an ambiguity problem due to a lack of correlation between modalities or a contradiction between the decisions made by each modality. To overcome these challenges, we present a Multi-grained Multi-modal Fusion Network (MMFN) for fake news detection. Inspired by the multi-grained process of human assessment of news authenticity, we respectively employ two Transformer-based pre-trained models to encode token-level features from text and images. The multi-modal module fuses fine-grained features, taking into account coarse-grained features encoded by the CLIP encoder. To address the ambiguity problem, we design uni-modal branches with similarity-based weighting to adaptively adjust the use of multi-modal features. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art methods on three prevalent datasets.