Hierarchical Federated Learning Incentivization for Gas Usage Estimation

Accurately estimating gas usage is essential for the efficient functioning of gas distribution networks and saving operational costs. Traditional methods rely on centralized data processing, which poses privacy risks. Federated learning (FL) offers a solution to this problem by enabling local data processing on each participant, such as gas companies and heating stations. However, local training and communication overhead may discourage gas companies and heating stations from actively participating in the FL training process. To address this challenge, we propose a Hierarchical FL Incentive Mechanism for Gas Usage Estimation (HI-GAS), which has been testbedded in the ENN Group, one of the leading players in the natural gas and green energy industry. It is designed to support horizontal FL among gas companies, and vertical FL among each gas company and heating station within a hierarchical FL ecosystem, rewarding participants based on their contributions to FL. In addition, a hierarchical FL model aggregation approach is also proposed to improve the gas usage estimation performance by aggregating models at different levels of the hierarchy. The incentive scheme employs a multi-dimensional contribution-aware reward distribution function that combines the evaluation of data quality and model contribution to incentivize both gas companies and heating stations within their jurisdiction while maintaining fairness. Results of extensive experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism.

Zipf's Law and the Frequency of Characters or Words of Oracles

The article discusses the frequency of characters of Oracle,concluding that the frequency and the rank of a word or character is fit to Zipf-Mandelboit Law or Zipf's law with three parameters,and figuring out the parameters based on the frequency,and pointing out that what some researchers of Oracle call the assembling on the two ends is just a description by their impression about the Oracle data.

Comment on "Language Trees and Zipping" arXiv:cond-mat/0108530

Every encoding has priori information if the encoding represents any semantic information of the unverse or object. Encoding means mapping from the unverse to the string or strings of digits. The semantic here is used in the model-theoretic sense or denotation of the object. If encoding or strings of symbols is the adequate and true mapping of model or object, and the mapping is recursive or computable, the distance between two strings (text) is mapping the distance between models. We then are able to measure the distance by computing the distance between the two strings. Otherwise, we may take a misleading course. "Language tree" may not be a family tree in the sense of historical linguistics. Rather it just means the similarity.