ProMMSearchAgent: A Generalizable Multimodal Search Agent Trained with Process-Oriented Rewards

Training multimodal agents via reinforcement learning for knowledge-intensive visual reasoning is fundamentally hindered by the extreme sparsity of outcome-based supervision and the unpredictability of live web environments. To resolve these algorithmic and environmental bottlenecks, we introduce ProMMSearchAgent, establishing a novel Sim-to-Real training paradigm for multimodal search. We decouple policy learning into a deterministic, local static sandbox. Crucially, to learn effectively within this constrained environment, we propose an introspective process-oriented reward. By probing the agent's own parametric knowledge boundaries, we generate dense behavioral metadata that explicitly rewards the correct cognitive decision, initiating a multimodal or text search only when visually or factually uncertain. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our locally-trained policy transfers zero-shot to the live Google Search API. ProMMSearchAgent achieves new SOTA performance, outperforming MMSearch-R1 by +5.1% on FVQA-test, +6.3% on InfoSeek, and +11.3% on MMSearch.

DR-MMSearchAgent: Deepening Reasoning in Multimodal Search Agents

Agentic multimodal models have garnered significant attention for their ability to leverage external tools to tackle complex tasks. However, it is observed that such agents often meet premature interaction collapse, caused by two primary reasons: 1) the terminal reward often appending on the last token prevents the advantage from distinguishing trajectories with exploratory behavior; 2) excessively redundant context hinders the agent from absorbing useful feedback. To address these issues, we propose the Deepening Reasoning MMSearchAgent, the framework leverages the structural proximity to derive advantage signals from the whole rollout trajectories in an entire batch, such that trajectories of different lengths are further encouraged to be generated, even when containing the same correct answer. Additionally, differentiated gaussian rewards are employed to dynamically calibrate interaction tolerance, thereby ensuring information reliability and reduce redundancy. To support multi-turn interaction training, we have constructed a multi-step deep-reasoning dataset including 3602 high-quality QA pair with at least 3 reasonning steps. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance, outperforming the MMSearch-R1 by 8.4$\%$ on FVQA-test.

Dynamic Spatial-temporal Hypergraph Convolutional Network for Skeleton-based Action Recognition

Skeleton-based action recognition relies on the extraction of spatial-temporal topological information. Hypergraphs can establish prior unnatural dependencies for the skeleton. However, the existing methods only focus on the construction of spatial topology and ignore the time-point dependence. This paper proposes a dynamic spatial-temporal hypergraph convolutional network (DST-HCN) to capture spatial-temporal information for skeleton-based action recognition. DST-HCN introduces a time-point hypergraph (TPH) to learn relationships at time points. With multiple spatial static hypergraphs and dynamic TPH, our network can learn more complete spatial-temporal features. In addition, we use the high-order information fusion module (HIF) to fuse spatial-temporal information synchronously. Extensive experiments on NTU RGB+D, NTU RGB+D 120, and NW-UCLA datasets show that our model achieves state-of-the-art, especially compared with hypergraph methods.

Skeleton-based Action Recognition via Temporal-Channel Aggregation

Skeleton-based action recognition methods are limited by the semantic extraction of spatio-temporal skeletal maps. However, current methods have difficulty in effectively combining features from both temporal and spatial graph dimensions and tend to be thick on one side and thin on the other. In this paper, we propose a Temporal-Channel Aggregation Graph Convolutional Networks (TCA-GCN) to learn spatial and temporal topologies dynamically and efficiently aggregate topological features in different temporal and channel dimensions for skeleton-based action recognition. We use the Temporal Aggregation module to learn temporal dimensional features and the Channel Aggregation module to efficiently combine spatial dynamic topological features learned using Channel-wise with temporal dynamic topological features. In addition, we extract multi-scale skeletal features on temporal modeling and fuse them with priori skeletal knowledge with an attention mechanism. Extensive experiments show that our model results outperform state-of-the-art methods on the NTU RGB+D, NTU RGB+D 120, and NW-UCLA datasets.