Framework for Indoor Wireless Propagation Modeling Through Wireless Insite

Multipaths, reflections, diffractions, and material interactions complicate indoor wireless propagation modelling. More than 80% of wireless data is consumed indoors; hence, planning successful deployments and maximizing network performance depends on accurate propagation modelling of indoor environments. This work explains a complete framework for indoor wireless propagation modelling via ray tracing simulation in a step-by-step manner. The ray tracing simulations are conducted with Wireless Insite, a proprietary electromagnetic propagation software, whereas SketchUp is used at the input side for layout construction from the field measurements, and MATLAB is used at the output side for portraying channel model parameters such as power delay profile (PDP). A whole floor of the authors' department is modelled, and different transmitter-receiver locations were tested for possible use cases such as coverage hole prediction.

Microdiversity and Vegetation Influence on Forward Scattering at 60 GHz and 80 GHz

Understanding the impact of vegetation and small-scale antenna movements on signal propagation is important for the design and optimization of high-frequency wireless communication systems. This paper presents an experimental study analyzing signal propagation at 60 GHz and 80 GHz in the presence of vegetation, with a focus on forward scattering and microdiversity effects. A controlled measurement campaign was conducted in an indoor environment, where the influence of a potted plant placed in the line-of-sight (LOS) path between the transmitter and receiver was investigated. The study examines the effects of antenna micro-shifts on the channel impulse response (CIR), highlighting variations in received power due to small positional changes of the antennas. The results indicate that the 80 GHz band exhibits higher sensitivity to micro-movements compared to the 60 GHz band, leading to greater fluctuations in received power.

Millimeter Wave Path Loss for Diverse Antenna Patterns in Outdoor Environment

Empirical path loss models are defined for a specific antenna system used during measurements and characterized by a particular radiation pattern and main lobe beam width. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to modifying such a model to estimate path loss for antenna systems with different radiation patterns and beam widths. This method is based on a multi-elliptical propagation model, enabling a more flexible adaptation of the path loss model. The paper presents the general concept of the proposed method and numerical study results demonstrating the influence of the antenna pattern shape and its beam width on path loss estimation.

Synthesis of omnidirectional path loss model based on directional model and multi-elliptical geometry

Millimeter wave (mmWave) technology offers high throughput but has a limited radio range, necessitating the use of directional antennas or beamforming systems such as massive MIMO. Path loss (PL) models using narrow-beam antennas are known as directional models, while those using omnidirectional antennas are referred to as omnidirectional models. To standardize the analysis, omnidirectional PL models for mmWave ranges have been introduced, including TR 38.901 by 3GPP, which is based on measurements from directional antennas. However, synthesizing these measurements can be complex and time-consuming. This study proposes a numerical approach to derive an omnidirectional model from directional data using multi-elliptical geometry. We assessed the effectiveness of this method against existing PL models for mmWaves that are available in the literature.

Variability of radio signal attenuation by single deciduous tree versus reception angle at 80 GHz

Vegetation significantly affects radio signal attenuation, influenced by factors such as signal frequency, plant species, and foliage density. Existing attenuation models typically address specific scenarios, like single trees, rows of trees, or green spaces, with the ITU-R P.833 recommendation being a widely recognized standard. Most assessments for single trees focus on the primary radiation direction of the transmitting antenna. This paper introduces a novel approach to evaluating radio signal scattering by a single deciduous tree. Through measurements at 80 GHz and a bandwidth of approximately 2 GHz, we analyze how total signal attenuation varies with the reception angle relative to the transmitter-tree axis. The findings from various directional measurements contribute to a comprehensive attenuation model applicable to any reception angle and also highlight the impact of bandwidth on the received signal level.