Reinforcement Learning from Delayed Observations via World Models

In standard Reinforcement Learning settings, agents typically assume immediate feedback about the effects of their actions after taking them. However, in practice, this assumption may not hold true due to physical constraints and can significantly impact the performance of RL algorithms. In this paper, we focus on addressing observation delays in partially observable environments. We propose leveraging world models, which have shown success in integrating past observations and learning dynamics, to handle observation delays. By reducing delayed POMDPs to delayed MDPs with world models, our methods can effectively handle partial observability, where existing approaches achieve sub-optimal performance or even degrade quickly as observability decreases. Experiments suggest that one of our methods can outperform a naive model-based approach by up to %30. Moreover, we evaluate our methods on visual input based delayed environment, for the first time showcasing delay-aware reinforcement learning on visual observations.