CVPD at QIAS 2026: RAG-Guided LLM Reasoning for Al-Mawarith Share Computation and Heir Allocation

Islamic inheritance (Ilm al-Mawarith) is a multi-stage legal reasoning task requiring the identification of eligible heirs, resolution of blocking rules (hajb), assignment of fixed and residual shares, handling of adjustments such as awl and radd, and generation of a consistent final distribution. The task is further complicated by variations across legal schools and civil-law codifications, requiring models to operate under explicit legal configurations. We present a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) pipeline for this setting, combining rule-grounded synthetic data generation, hybrid retrieval (dense and BM25) with cross-encoder reranking, and schema-constrained output validation. A symbolic inheritance calculator is used to generate a large high-quality synthetic corpus with full intermediate reasoning traces, ensuring legal and numerical consistency. The proposed system achieves a MIR-E score of 0.935 and ranks first on the official QIAS 2026 blind-test leaderboard. Results demonstrate that retrieval-grounded, schema-aware generation significantly improves reliability in high-precision Arabic legal reasoning tasks.

Decoding Matters: Efficient Mamba-Based Decoder with Distribution-Aware Deep Supervision for Medical Image Segmentation

Deep learning has achieved remarkable success in medical image segmentation, often reaching expert-level accuracy in delineating tumors and tissues. However, most existing approaches remain task-specific, showing strong performance on individual datasets but limited generalization across diverse imaging modalities. Moreover, many methods focus primarily on the encoder, relying on large pretrained backbones that increase computational complexity. In this paper, we propose a decoder-centric approach for generalized 2D medical image segmentation. The proposed Deco-Mamba follows a U-Net-like structure with a Transformer-CNN-Mamba design. The encoder combines a CNN block and Transformer backbone for efficient feature extraction, while the decoder integrates our novel Co-Attention Gate (CAG), Vision State Space Module (VSSM), and deformable convolutional refinement block to enhance multi-scale contextual representation. Additionally, a windowed distribution-aware KL-divergence loss is introduced for deep supervision across multiple decoding stages. Extensive experiments on diverse medical image segmentation benchmarks yield state-of-the-art performance and strong generalization capability while maintaining moderate model complexity. The source code will be released upon acceptance.

VLM-PAR: A Vision Language Model for Pedestrian Attribute Recognition

Pedestrian Attribute Recognition (PAR) involves predicting fine-grained attributes such as clothing color, gender, and accessories from pedestrian imagery, yet is hindered by severe class imbalance, intricate attribute co-dependencies, and domain shifts. We introduce VLM-PAR, a modular vision-language framework built on frozen SigLIP 2 multilingual encoders. By first aligning image and prompt embeddings via refining visual features through a compact cross-attention fusion, VLM-PAR achieves significant accuracy improvement on the highly imbalanced PA100K benchmark, setting a new state-of-the-art performance, while also delivering significant gains in mean accuracy across PETA and Market-1501 benchmarks. These results underscore the efficacy of integrating large-scale vision-language pretraining with targeted cross-modal refinement to overcome imbalance and generalization challenges in PAR.

SCS-SupCon: Sigmoid-based Common and Style Supervised Contrastive Learning with Adaptive Decision Boundaries

Image classification is hindered by subtle inter-class differences and substantial intra-class variations, which limit the effectiveness of existing contrastive learning methods. Supervised contrastive approaches based on the InfoNCE loss suffer from negative-sample dilution and lack adaptive decision boundaries, thereby reducing discriminative power in fine-grained recognition tasks. To address these limitations, we propose Sigmoid-based Common and Style Supervised Contrastive Learning (SCS-SupCon). Our framework introduces a sigmoid-based pairwise contrastive loss with learnable temperature and bias parameters to enable adaptive decision boundaries. This formulation emphasizes hard negatives, mitigates negative-sample dilution, and more effectively exploits supervision. In addition, an explicit style-distance constraint further disentangles style and content representations, leading to more robust feature learning. Comprehensive experiments on six benchmark datasets, including CUB200-2011 and Stanford Dogs, demonstrate that SCS-SupCon achieves state-of-the-art performance across both CNN and Transformer backbones. On CIFAR-100 with ResNet-50, SCS-SupCon improves top-1 accuracy over SupCon by approximately 3.9 percentage points and over CS-SupCon by approximately 1.7 points under five-fold cross-validation. On fine-grained datasets, it outperforms CS-SupCon by 0.4--3.0 points. Extensive ablation studies and statistical analyses further confirm the robustness and generalization of the proposed framework, with Friedman tests and Nemenyi post-hoc evaluations validating the stability of the observed improvements.

Enhancing Semi-Supervised Multi-View Graph Convolutional Networks via Supervised Contrastive Learning and Self-Training

The advent of graph convolutional network (GCN)-based multi-view learning provides a powerful framework for integrating structural information from heterogeneous views, enabling effective modeling of complex multi-view data. However, existing methods often fail to fully exploit the complementary information across views, leading to suboptimal feature representations and limited performance. To address this, we propose MV-SupGCN, a semi-supervised GCN model that integrates several complementary components with clear motivations and mutual reinforcement. First, to better capture discriminative features and improve model generalization, we design a joint loss function that combines Cross-Entropy loss with Supervised Contrastive loss, encouraging the model to simultaneously minimize intra-class variance and maximize inter-class separability in the latent space. Second, recognizing the instability and incompleteness of single graph construction methods, we combine both KNN-based and semi-supervised graph construction approaches on each view, thereby enhancing the robustness of the data structure representation and reducing generalization error. Third, to effectively utilize abundant unlabeled data and enhance semantic alignment across multiple views, we propose a unified framework that integrates contrastive learning in order to enforce consistency among multi-view embeddings and capture meaningful inter-view relationships, together with pseudo-labeling, which provides additional supervision applied to both the cross-entropy and contrastive loss functions to enhance model generalization. Extensive experiments demonstrate that MV-SupGCN consistently surpasses state-of-the-art methods across multiple benchmarks, validating the effectiveness of our integrated approach. The source code is available at https://github.com/HuaiyuanXiao/MVSupGCN

Lung Infection Severity Prediction Using Transformers with Conditional TransMix Augmentation and Cross-Attention

Lung infections, particularly pneumonia, pose serious health risks that can escalate rapidly, especially during pandemics. Accurate AI-based severity prediction from medical imaging is essential to support timely clinical decisions and optimize patient outcomes. In this work, we present a novel method applicable to both CT scans and chest X-rays for assessing lung infection severity. Our contributions are twofold: (i) QCross-Att-PVT, a Transformer-based architecture that integrates parallel encoders, a cross-gated attention mechanism, and a feature aggregator to capture rich multi-scale features; and (ii) Conditional Online TransMix, a custom data augmentation strategy designed to address dataset imbalance by generating mixed-label image patches during training. Evaluated on two benchmark datasets, RALO CXR and Per-COVID-19 CT, our method consistently outperforms several state-of-the-art deep learning models. The results emphasize the critical role of data augmentation and gated attention in improving both robustness and predictive accuracy. This approach offers a reliable, adaptable tool to support clinical diagnosis, disease monitoring, and personalized treatment planning. The source code of this work is available at https://github.com/bouthainas/QCross-Att-PVT.

Edge Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Review of Evolution, Taxonomic Frameworks, and Future Horizons

Edge Artificial Intelligence (Edge AI) embeds intelligence directly into devices at the network edge, enabling real-time processing with improved privacy and reduced latency by processing data close to its source. This review systematically examines the evolution, current landscape, and future directions of Edge AI through a multi-dimensional taxonomy including deployment location, processing capabilities such as TinyML and federated learning, application domains, and hardware types. Following PRISMA guidelines, the analysis traces the field from early content delivery networks and fog computing to modern on-device intelligence. Core enabling technologies such as specialized hardware accelerators, optimized software, and communication protocols are explored. Challenges including resource limitations, security, model management, power consumption, and connectivity are critically assessed. Emerging opportunities in neuromorphic hardware, continual learning algorithms, edge-cloud collaboration, and trustworthiness integration are highlighted, providing a comprehensive framework for researchers and practitioners.

Extremely Fine-Grained Visual Classification over Resembling Glyphs in the Wild

Text recognition in the wild is an important technique for digital maps and urban scene understanding, in which the natural resembling properties between glyphs is one of the major reasons that lead to wrong recognition results. To address this challenge, we introduce two extremely fine-grained visual recognition benchmark datasets that contain very challenging resembling glyphs (characters/letters) in the wild to be distinguished. Moreover, we propose a simple yet effective two-stage contrastive learning approach to the extremely fine-grained recognition task of resembling glyphs discrimination. In the first stage, we utilize supervised contrastive learning to leverage label information to warm-up the backbone network. In the second stage, we introduce CCFG-Net, a network architecture that integrates classification and contrastive learning in both Euclidean and Angular spaces, in which contrastive learning is applied in both supervised learning and pairwise discrimination manners to enhance the model's feature representation capability. Overall, our proposed approach effectively exploits the complementary strengths of contrastive learning and classification, leading to improved recognition performance on the resembling glyphs. Comparative evaluations with state-of-the-art fine-grained classification approaches under both Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Transformer backbones demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method.

D-TrAttUnet: Toward Hybrid CNN-Transformer Architecture for Generic and Subtle Segmentation in Medical Images

Over the past two decades, machine analysis of medical imaging has advanced rapidly, opening up significant potential for several important medical applications. As complicated diseases increase and the number of cases rises, the role of machine-based imaging analysis has become indispensable. It serves as both a tool and an assistant to medical experts, providing valuable insights and guidance. A particularly challenging task in this area is lesion segmentation, a task that is challenging even for experienced radiologists. The complexity of this task highlights the urgent need for robust machine learning approaches to support medical staff. In response, we present our novel solution: the D-TrAttUnet architecture. This framework is based on the observation that different diseases often target specific organs. Our architecture includes an encoder-decoder structure with a composite Transformer-CNN encoder and dual decoders. The encoder includes two paths: the Transformer path and the Encoders Fusion Module path. The Dual-Decoder configuration uses two identical decoders, each with attention gates. This allows the model to simultaneously segment lesions and organs and integrate their segmentation losses. To validate our approach, we performed evaluations on the Covid-19 and Bone Metastasis segmentation tasks. We also investigated the adaptability of the model by testing it without the second decoder in the segmentation of glands and nuclei. The results confirmed the superiority of our approach, especially in Covid-19 infections and the segmentation of bone metastases. In addition, the hybrid encoder showed exceptional performance in the segmentation of glands and nuclei, solidifying its role in modern medical image analysis.

Artificial Intelligence in Bone Metastasis Analysis: Current Advancements, Opportunities and Challenges

In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been widely used in medicine, particularly in the analysis of medical imaging, which has been driven by advances in computer vision and deep learning methods. This is particularly important in overcoming the challenges posed by diseases such as Bone Metastases (BM), a common and complex malignancy of the bones. Indeed, there have been an increasing interest in developing Machine Learning (ML) techniques into oncologic imaging for BM analysis. In order to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art and advancements for BM analysis using artificial intelligence, this review is conducted with the accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Firstly, this review highlights the clinical and oncologic perspectives of BM and the used medical imaging modalities, with discussing their advantages and limitations. Then the review focuses on modern approaches with considering the main BM analysis tasks, which includes: classification, detection and segmentation. The results analysis show that ML technologies can achieve promising performance for BM analysis and have significant potential to improve clinician efficiency and cope with time and cost limitations. Furthermore, there are requirements for further research to validate the clinical performance of ML tools and facilitate their integration into routine clinical practice.