Learning-based Stage Verification System in Manual Assembly Scenarios

In the context of Industry 4.0, effective monitoring of multiple targets and states during assembly processes is crucial, particularly when constrained to using only visual sensors. Traditional methods often rely on either multiple sensor types or complex hardware setups to achieve high accuracy in monitoring, which can be cost-prohibitive and difficult to implement in dynamic industrial environments. This study presents a novel approach that leverages multiple machine learning models to achieve precise monitoring under the limitation of using a minimal number of visual sensors. By integrating state information from identical timestamps, our method detects and confirms the current stage of the assembly process with an average accuracy exceeding 92%. Furthermore, our approach surpasses conventional methods by offering enhanced error detection and visuali-zation capabilities, providing real-time, actionable guidance to operators. This not only improves the accuracy and efficiency of assembly monitoring but also re-duces dependency on expensive hardware solutions, making it a more practical choice for modern industrial applications.