Benchmarking CFAR and CNN-based Peak Detection Algorithms in ISAC under Hardware Impairments

Peak detection is a fundamental task in radar and has therefore been studied extensively in radar literature. However, Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) systems for sixth generation (6G) cellular networks need to perform peak detection under hardware impairments and constraints imposed by the underlying system designed for communications. This paper presents a comparative study of classical Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR)-based algorithms and a recently proposed Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based method for peak detection in ISAC radar images. To impose practical constraints of ISAC systems, we model the impact of hardware impairments, such as power amplifier nonlinearities and quantization noise. We perform extensive simulation campaigns focusing on multi-target detection under varying noise as well as on target separation in resolution-limited scenarios. The results show that CFAR detectors require approximate knowledge of the operating scenario and the use of window functions for reliable performance. The CNN, on the other hand, achieves high performance in all scenarios, but requires a preprocessing step for the input data.

Feasibility of Non-Line-of-Sight Integrated Sensing and Communication at mmWave

One rarely addressed direction in the context of Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) is non-line-of-sight (NLOS) sensing, with the potential to enable use cases like intrusion detection and to increase the value that wireless networks can bring. However, ISAC networks impose challenges for sensing due to their communication-oriented design. For instance, time division duplex transmission creates spectral holes in time, resulting in spectral replicas in the radar image. To counteract this, we evaluate different channel state information processing strategies and discuss their tradeoffs. We further propose an ensemble of techniques to detect targets in NLOS conditions. Our approaches are validated with experiments using a millimeter wave ISAC proof of concept in a factory-like environment. The results show that target detection in NLOS is generally possible with ISAC.