Practical RIS Gain without the Pain via Randomization and Opportunistic Scheduling in 5G NR Wireless Systems: Theory and Experiments

In this paper, we theoretically analyze and experimentally demonstrate the performance gains achievable by integrating an in-house built reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) with a 5G new radio (NR) system implemented using the OpenAirInterface (OAI) software stack. Unlike conventional RIS-assisted systems that rely on explicit channel state information (CSI) estimation followed by RIS phase configuration optimization, we adopt a low-complexity approach in which the RIS phase states are randomly switched among predefined configurations. The resulting channel fluctuations are opportunistically exploited by the inherent proportional fair (PF) scheduling mechanism of 5G NR. We develop a theoretical framework that characterizes the interaction between RIS switching dynamics and PF scheduling. Based on this framework and the associated analysis, we provide design guidelines for selecting the RIS switching time $T_s$ and the PF throughput averaging window $T_c$ that maximize the system throughput. Experimental evaluations on the 5G NR testbed demonstrate improvements in key performance metrics, including reference signal received power (RSRP), block error rate (BLER), modulation and coding scheme (MCS) index, and throughput. Our key takeaway is that randomly configured RIS operation with appropriately chosen system parameters can achieve performance comparable to optimized RIS designs, with no additional overhead compared to a conventional 5G NR system. More importantly, it requires no coordination between the RIS and the 5G NR system.

Practical RIS Gain without the Pain: Randomization and Opportunistic Scheduling in 5G NR

We experimentally demonstrate the performance gains achieved by an in-house built reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) integrated with a real-time 5G new radio (NR) system implemented using the OpenAirInterface (OAI) framework. We first quantify the gain in throughput achievable by integrating an RIS with a 5G system. Next, we show that randomly setting the RIS phase configuration and leveraging the inherent proportional fair (PF) scheduling mechanism of 5G NR can yield near-optimal throughput, provided the throughput averaging window of the PF scheduler is chosen judiciously. This occurs because, in each time slot, the PF scheduler naturally prioritizes data transmission to the user equipment (UE) that experiences the best channel conditions, namely, the UE to which the randomly configured RIS is aligned. Subsequently, we experimentally evaluate key performance metrics, including the reference signal received power (RSRP), block error rate (BLER), modulation and coding scheme (MCS) index, and throughput, under random RIS configurations. These results confirm that even a randomly configured RIS with negligible overhead can deliver performance comparable to optimized RIS designs, in real-world 5G NR wireless communication systems.