Parameter-Free Structural-Diversity Message Passing for Graph Neural Networks

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown remarkable performance in structured data modeling tasks such as node classification. However, mainstream approaches generally rely on a large number of trainable parameters and fixed aggregation rules, making it difficult to adapt to graph data with strong structural heterogeneity and complex feature distributions. This often leads to over-smoothing of node representations and semantic degradation. To address these issues, this paper proposes a parameter-free graph neural network framework based on structural diversity, namely SDGNN (Structural-Diversity Graph Neural Network). The framework is inspired by structural diversity theory and designs a unified structural-diversity message passing mechanism that simultaneously captures the heterogeneity of neighborhood structures and the stability of feature semantics, without introducing additional trainable parameters. Unlike traditional parameterized methods, SDGNN does not rely on complex model training, but instead leverages complementary modeling from both structure-driven and feature-driven perspectives, thereby effectively improving adaptability across datasets and scenarios. Experimental results show that on eight public benchmark datasets and an interdisciplinary PubMed citation network, SDGNN consistently outperforms mainstream GNNs under challenging conditions such as low supervision, class imbalance, and cross-domain transfer. This work provides a new theoretical perspective and general approach for the design of parameter-free graph neural networks, and further validates the importance of structural diversity as a core signal in graph representation learning. To facilitate reproducibility and further research, the full implementation of SDGNN has been released at: https://github.com/mingyue15694/SGDNN/tree/main

Citation Structural Diversity: A Novel and Concise Metric Combining Structure and Semantics for Literature Evaluation

As academic research becomes increasingly diverse, traditional literature evaluation methods face significant limitations,particularly in capturing the complexity of academic dissemination and the multidimensional impacts of literature. To address these challenges, this paper introduces a novel literature evaluation model of citation structural diversity, with a focus on assessing its feasibility as an evaluation metric. By refining citation network and incorporating both ciation structural features and semantic information, the study examines the influence of the proposed model of citation structural diversity on citation volume and long-term academic impact. The findings reveal that literature with higher citation structural diversity demonstrates notable advantages in both citation frequency and sustained academic influence. Through data grouping and a decade-long citation trend analysis, the potential application of this model in literature evaluation is further validated. This research offers a fresh perspective on optimizing literature evaluation methods and emphasizes the distinct advantages of citation structural diversity in measuring interdisciplinarity.