Distributed Ledger Technology based Integrated Healthcare Solution for Bangladesh

Healthcare data is sensitive and requires great protection. Encrypted electronic health records (EHRs) contain personal and sensitive data such as names and addresses. Having access to patient data benefits all of them. This paper proposes a blockchain-based distributed healthcare application platform for Bangladeshi public and private healthcare providers. Using data immutability and smart contracts, the suggested application framework allows users to create safe digital agreements for commerce or collaboration. Thus, all enterprises may securely collaborate using the same blockchain network, gaining data openness and read/write capacity. The proposed application consists of various application interfaces for various system users. For data integrity, privacy, permission and service availability, the proposed solution leverages Hyperledger fabric and Blockchain as a Service. Everyone will also have their own profile in the portal. A unique identity for each person and the installation of digital information centres across the country have greatly eased the process. It will collect systematic health data from each person which will be beneficial for research institutes and health-related organisations. A national data warehouse in Bangladesh is feasible for this application and It is also possible to keep a clean health sector by analysing data stored in this warehouse and conducting various purification algorithms using technologies like Data Science. Given that Bangladesh has both public and private health care, a straightforward digital strategy for all organisations is essential.

Lagrangian Reachtubes: The Next Generation

We introduce LRT-NG, a set of techniques and an associated toolset that computes a reachtube (an over-approximation of the set of reachable states over a given time horizon) of a nonlinear dynamical system. LRT-NG significantly advances the state-of-the-art Langrangian Reachability and its associated tool LRT. From a theoretical perspective, LRT-NG is superior to LRT in three ways. First, it uses for the first time an analytically computed metric for the propagated ball which is proven to minimize the ball's volume. We emphasize that the metric computation is the centerpiece of all bloating-based techniques. Secondly, it computes the next reachset as the intersection of two balls: one based on the Cartesian metric and the other on the new metric. While the two metrics were previously considered opposing approaches, their joint use considerably tightens the reachtubes. Thirdly, it avoids the "wrapping effect" associated with the validated integration of the center of the reachset, by optimally absorbing the interval approximation in the radius of the next ball. From a tool-development perspective, LRT-NG is superior to LRT in two ways. First, it is a standalone tool that no longer relies on CAPD. This required the implementation of the Lohner method and a Runge-Kutta time-propagation method. Secondly, it has an improved interface, allowing the input model and initial conditions to be provided as external input files. Our experiments on a comprehensive set of benchmarks, including two Neural ODEs, demonstrates LRT-NG's superior performance compared to LRT, CAPD, and Flow*.