Text-Guided Image Clustering

Image clustering divides a collection of images into meaningful groups, typically interpreted post-hoc via human-given annotations. Those are usually in the form of text, begging the question of using text as an abstraction for image clustering. Current image clustering methods, however, neglect the use of generated textual descriptions. We, therefore, propose Text-Guided Image Clustering, i.e., generating text using image captioning and visual question-answering (VQA) models and subsequently clustering the generated text. Further, we introduce a novel approach to inject task- or domain knowledge for clustering by prompting VQA models. Across eight diverse image clustering datasets, our results show that the obtained text representations often outperform image features. Additionally, we propose a counting-based cluster explainability method. Our evaluations show that the derived keyword-based explanations describe clusters better than the respective cluster accuracy suggests. Overall, this research challenges traditional approaches and paves the way for a paradigm shift in image clustering, using generated text.

Neural Network Augmented Compartmental Pandemic Models

Compartmental models are a tool commonly used in epidemiology for the mathematical modelling of the spread of infectious diseases, with their most popular representative being the Susceptible-Infected-Removed (SIR) model and its derivatives. However, current SIR models are bounded in their capabilities to model government policies in the form of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and weather effects and offer limited predictive power. More capable alternatives such as agent based models (ABMs) are computationally expensive and require specialized hardware. We introduce a neural network augmented SIR model that can be run on commodity hardware, takes NPIs and weather effects into account and offers improved predictive power as well as counterfactual analysis capabilities. We demonstrate our models improvement of the state-of-the-art modeling COVID-19 in Austria during the 03.2020 to 03.2021 period and provide an outlook for the future up to 01.2024.

Adaptive Precision Training (ADEPT): A dynamic fixed point quantized sparsifying training approach for DNNs

Quantization is a technique for reducing deep neural networks (DNNs) training and inference times, which is crucial for training in resource constrained environments or time critical inference applications. State-of-the-art (SOTA) approaches focus on post-training quantization, i.e. quantization of pre-trained DNNs for speeding up inference. Little work on quantized training exists and usually, existing approaches re-quire full precision refinement afterwards or enforce a global word length across the whole DNN. This leads to suboptimal bitwidth-to-layers assignments and re-source usage. Recognizing these limits, we introduce ADEPT, a new quantized sparsifying training strategy using information theory-based intra-epoch precision switching to find on a per-layer basis the lowest precision that causes no quantization-induced information loss while keeping precision high enough for future learning steps to not suffer from vanishing gradients, producing a fully quantized DNN. Based on a bitwidth-weighted MAdds performance model, our approach achieves an average speedup of 1.26 and model size reduction of 0.53 compared to standard training in float32 with an average accuracy increase of 0.98% on AlexNet/ResNet on CIFAR10/100.

MARViN -- Multiple Arithmetic Resolutions Vacillating in Neural Networks

Quantization is a technique for reducing deep neural networks (DNNs) training and inference times, which is crucial for training in resource constrained environments or time critical inference applications. State-of-the-art (SOTA) quantization approaches focus on post-training quantization, i.e. quantization of pre-trained DNNs for speeding up inference. Very little work on quantized training exists, which neither al-lows dynamic intra-epoch precision switches nor em-ploys an information theory based switching heuristic. Usually, existing approaches require full precision refinement afterwards and enforce a global word length across the whole DNN. This leads to suboptimal quantization mappings and resource usage. Recognizing these limits, we introduce MARViN, a new quantized training strategy using information theory-based intra-epoch precision switching, which decides on a per-layer basis which precision should be used in order to minimize quantization-induced information loss. Note that any quantization must leave enough precision such that future learning steps do not suffer from vanishing gradients. We achieve an average speedup of 1.86 compared to a float32 basis while limiting mean accuracy degradation on AlexNet/ResNet to only -0.075%.